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　　Nutrition is the cornerstone of health. Recently, the 14th Asian Nutrition Conference sponsored by China Nutrition Society and Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies was held in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. With the theme of "Sustainable Nutrition Helps the Future", more than 600 experts, scholars and industry representatives from more than 40 countries gathered to talk about nutrition and the latest achievements and development trends in related fields.

　　Three groups of people need to pay attention to folic acid nutritional status

　　How many nutrients should we consume every day? How much is the suitable intake of each nutrient?

　　During the 14th Asian Nutrition Conference, the Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for China Residents (2023 Edition) (DRIs) compiled by China Nutrition Society was officially released, which provided an important reference standard for answering the above questions.

　　"Nutrition science is closely related to public health, and the reference intake of dietary nutrients is the core work of nutrition science." Yang Yuexin, chairman of the China Nutrition Society, said that the reference intake of dietary nutrients is a set of scientific reference values or standards recommended for the average daily intake of nutrients to ensure that healthy individuals and groups can reasonably consume nutrients and avoid lack and excess. Based on the four basic principles of scientificity, continuity, specificity and purpose, the new version of DRIs revised and confirmed the different reference amounts of more than 70 nutrients and other dietary components consumed by people of different sexes, 20 different age groups and life stages.

　　According to reports, the new version of DRIs is the ninth edition, 10 years after the eighth edition. Compared with the previous edition, the recommended intake of nutrients such as protein, iron and iodine was revised in the new edition of DRIs. Taking protein as an example, Yang Xiaoguang, a researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that in the past, the recommended intake of protein for the elderly was the same as that of ordinary adults, and the recommended intake of protein for the elderly aged 65 and over was proposed for the first time in the new version, with an average of about 7 grams more than that of ordinary adults: for adults under 65, the new version of DRIs recommended that men consume 65 grams and women consume 55 grams of protein every day; For the elderly aged 65 and above, it is recommended that men take 72g of protein and women take 62g of every day.

　　It is worth noting that the new version of DRIs suggests paying attention to folic acid nutrition. "Folic acid is an essential water-soluble vitamin for human body, which cannot be synthesized in human body and must be obtained through diet to meet physiological needs. Foods rich in folic acid include animal liver, beans, nuts and dark green leafy vegetables. " Ma Aiguo, dean of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of Qingdao University, said that not only pregnant women, but also some special people should pay attention to the nutritional status of folic acid: women of childbearing age and pregnant women who plan to get pregnant should pay attention to the nutritional status of folic acid because of their own physiological and metabolic needs and the rapid growth of the fetus. China recommends that pregnant women supplement 0.4 mg of folic acid every day from the third month before pregnancy to the first three months of pregnancy; The elderly need to pay more attention to folic acid intake because of their physiological characteristics, decreased intestinal absorption and metabolism ability and cognitive function. In people with hyperhomocysteinemia, folic acid supplementation can reduce the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease and senile dementia.

　　Compared with the previous edition, what other dietary ingredients have been added or subtracted in the new edition of DRIs? Ling Wenhua, a professor at the School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, said that this revision retained the original phytochemicals according to the changes in dietary consumption of Chinese residents and the new progress in nutrition research, and put forward coenzyme Q10, betaine, inulin and grain β The specific recommended value of-glucan is helpful to guide Chinese residents to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, improve the composition of intestinal flora and promote intestinal health by appropriately increasing these dietary components.

　　Diabetic patients prefer low GI food.

　　The quality of carbohydrates affects the health of the whole people. In recent years, the concept of glycemic index (GI) has gradually become widely known, and foods with low GI are favored by more and more people.

　　"Low GI food is a food that stays in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time, with low absorption rate and slow release of glucose. The peak value of glucose after entering the blood is low, which makes the blood sugar level stable and is not easy to fluctuate. It plays an important role in preventing and treating chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases." During the 14th Asian Nutrition Conference, at the group standard release conference of "prepackaged foods glycemic index labeling standard" organized by China Nutrition Society, the head of the group standard and the researcher of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention introduced to Cedar that this is the first time that China has formulated the labeling standard of GI in prepackaged foods, which clarified the judgment basis of food categories and GI foods suitable for labeling GI, and was helpful for the public to understand and choose low GI foods more accurately.

　　"The concept of GI makes clinicians pay more attention to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates." Liu Simin, a professor at Brown University in the United States, said that low-GI foods have been confirmed by more and more nutritionists and clinical experts to have a positive impact on the human body. It is suggested that diabetics, pre-diabetics and overweight people should choose low-GI foods, which is conducive to controlling blood sugar.

　　The group standard of "prepackaged foods glycemic index labeling standard" stipulates that in addition to measuring human GI according to the standard method, foods with low GI labeling should also meet the requirement that each serving contains at least 7.5 grams of carbohydrates or carbohydrates account for more than 50% of all macro nutrients, and can supply certain energy and nutrients; The food categories suitable for GI identification include 8 categories of prepackaged foods, such as cereal products, bean products, fruit products, vegetable products, nuts and seeds, milk and dairy products, beverages and others. Among them, foods with GI value greater than 0 and less than (or equal to) 55 belong to low GI foods; GI value greater than 55 and less than (or equal to) 70 belongs to medium GI food; Those greater than 70 belong to high GI food.

　　"Low GI foods mainly regulate foods that are rich in carbohydrates or have a greater impact on postprandial blood sugar, such as staple foods, fruits, drinks, etc." Ge Sheng, director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, reminded us that in addition to choosing low GI food and controlling blood sugar by complex diet method, we should not forget the reasonable collocation of the overall diet.

　　Liu Liegang, deputy dean of the School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, said that the league logo was formulated on the basis of fully referring to relevant international standards, combining the particularity of prepackaged foods’s rich variety and China’s laws and regulations, which is more suitable for China’s situation.

　　The weight of the elderly should not be too low.

　　There is an old saying among the people that "it is hard to buy a thousand dollars and get old and thin". Is it true that the thinner the better for the elderly, especially the very old?

　　During the 14th Asian Nutrition Conference, many experts interpreted the "Guidelines on the Suitable Range of Body Mass Index and Weight Management for the Elderly in China" (referred to as "Guidelines") recently issued by the Nutrition Society of China.

　　Mao Chen, one of the main drafters of the guide and vice president of the School of Public Health of Southern Medical University, said that the guide can be used for staff of medical and health institutions at all levels and medical and nursing service institutions to carry out the evaluation of the body mass index level and weight management of the elderly.

　　"For 60— For 79-year-old people, we suggest following the recommended range of body mass index (BMI, that is, weight divided by the square of height) of ordinary adults in China, that is, 18.5 kg/m 2 to 23.9 kg/m 2; For the elderly aged 80 and above, the recommended BMI in the guide ranges from 22.0 kg/m 2 to 26.9 kg/m 2. " Shi Xiaoming, one of the main drafters of the guide and deputy director of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, stressed that the body mass index is an important indicator globally recognized to reflect the health situation. The body mass index of ordinary adults is not suitable for the elderly, and the weight of the elderly should not be too low. The traditional view that "it is difficult to buy old people with thousands of dollars" is wrong.

　　Why is the suitable range of BMI for the elderly higher than that for ordinary adults?

　　Shi Xiaoming explained that there are three main reasons: in terms of health impact, research on local people found that BMI of the elderly is inversely related to the risk of physical function damage and death, that is, the higher the BMI level, the lower the risk of physical function damage and death of the elderly; In terms of measurement, the evidence based on the multi-center cohort study of the elderly shows that compared with the height of the young, the height of the elderly decreases with age, and the average decline range of the height of the elderly in all age groups can reach 4.3— 9.8 cm, if the weight is unchanged, the BMI of the elderly will increase correspondingly due to the decrease of height, and the range can reach 1.2— 2.4 kg/㎡； In addition, the absorption capacity of the elderly is reduced, and it is often accompanied by a variety of chronic wasting diseases. High BMI may reflect the nutritional reserve of the elderly and can avoid or delay the occurrence of malnutrition caused by the deterioration of health status. At the same time, if a fall occurs, fat can play a buffering role and reduce the risk of disability of the elderly.

　　"China is facing an aging and aging population. The degeneration of the body of the elderly aged 80 and over leads to the prevalence of low weight, which increases the incidence and death risk of various chronic diseases in the elderly." Shi Xiaoming introduced that the formulation of the appropriate BMI range and weight management standards for the elderly not only fills the gap in the body mass index standards for the elderly, but also provides scientific support for the construction of the health service system for the elderly in China.

　　"It is difficult for the elderly to reach the appropriate range of adult BMI at present, so it is necessary to adopt individualized weight management strategies for this group of people." Zhao Wenhua, chief expert of nutrition in China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that the guide gives corresponding weight management suggestions: for the elderly with a suitable BMI, it is appropriate to maintain the current weight level and avoid further weight loss; For the elderly whose BMI is below the appropriate range, measures should be taken to avoid further weight loss and increase their weight appropriately; For the elderly whose BMI is higher than the appropriate range, it is advisable to maintain a stable weight level and avoid further weight gain or loss.

　　The Guide suggests that for the elderly who can eat independently and have a suitable BMI, they should encourage healthy eating habits, adhere to food diversity and reduce unnecessary food restrictions; It is advisable to eat food with soft texture, easy swallowing, high nutrient density and suitable energy.

　　Zhao Wenhua stressed that health management and family care should be strengthened for the elderly, so that they can take part in regular physical examinations and establish health records. He suggested paying close attention to the changes of their height and weight. The elderly should measure their height at least once a year and their weight at least twice a month. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain regular physical activities, reduce the time of sitting, and advocate the elderly to actively integrate into society and participate in various cultural and leisure activities.

　　interlinkage

　　The Asian Nutrition Congress, sponsored by the Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies, is held every four years to encourage professional academic exchanges between researchers and research institutions in the fields of nutrition and food in Asian countries and around the world. It has become an important platform to share the latest research progress in the field of nutrition, display the latest scientific research achievements in the field of nutrition science and public health, and promote the all-round development of nutrition.

　　China Nutrition Society joined the Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies in 1985. Since the 14th Asian Nutrition Congress, China has officially become the chairman of the Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies (2023— 2027).

　　"The draft preschool education law once again clarifies the identity of preschool education in the whole school education system, which is really gratifying." When reading the report that "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Preschool Education Law (Draft)" (hereinafter referred to as "Draft") was submitted to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation, the stone in Yan Hong’s heart finally fell to the ground. She described her feelings at that time, "It was like running a marathon, and it was finally coming to the end".

　　Engaged in preschool education for more than 20 years, Yan Hong has witnessed the rapid development of preschool education and has been paying attention to the legislative process of preschool education.

　　"Almost every two sessions, we can see suggestions for preschool education legislation. We often pay attention to and discuss preschool education together." This time, Yan Hong believes that this shows that the whole society attaches great importance to preschool education, and it is also a milestone in the improvement of national education literacy.

　　Preschool education is accelerating into a new era of "laws to follow". What are the expectations of parents, kindergarten teachers, principals and preschool education experts?

　　_______________

　　When the income of kindergarten teachers increases, more enthusiasm will be devoted to education.

　　"The biggest obstacle before preschool education is the problem of money." Gao Bingcheng is the director and associate researcher of the Preschool Education Research Office of China Academy of Educational Sciences, and the deputy secretary-general of China Preschool Education Research Association. He has been engaged in preschool education research all the year round.

　　"Kindergarten teachers have low salaries and it is difficult to attract outstanding talents to teach." Through investigation, Gao Bingcheng found that in kindergartens, there is a big wage difference between non-editing teachers and editing teachers, and the phenomenon of different pay for equal work is serious.

　　Article 25 of the Teachers’ Law stipulates that the average salary level of teachers should not be lower than or higher than the average salary level of national civil servants, and gradually increase. This should include kindergarten teachers.

　　Nowadays, all localities have clearly stipulated the highest charging standard for inclusive private parks, but most areas have not scientifically calculated the average cost per student for inclusive private parks. The subsidy standard for inclusive private parks is too low, the subsidy is weak, and the incentive effect is not obvious. Parents have to bear more school costs.

　　To this end, he expects that after the legislation of preschool education, the mechanism of funding input and cost sharing can be improved to ensure the priority development of preschool education. Ensure the continuous improvement of the financial input level of preschool education, and form a more sound financial input and cost-sharing mechanism for preschool education.

　　Talking about the issue of funding guarantee, Yan Hong hopes that preschool education can realize the rule of law in funding guarantee like compulsory education and higher education.

　　She learned that most of the funds related to preschool education are now managed by local finance. If the local finance is good, there will be more investment in preschool education, and vice versa. As a result, the financial investment in preschool education fluctuates greatly.

　　Yan Hong said that the funding guarantee for pre-school education is now flexible, and some places adopt the project system, and the amount of funds is greatly influenced by the project authorities. She expects to pass preschool education legislation and become more rigid in terms of funding guarantee.

　　"I hope that education funds should be institutionalized and increase the proportion and importance of investment in preschool education." She said.

　　Huang Qi, who works in Hainan, is the mother of two children. In the kindergarten stage, she has dealt with many teachers. She learned that the income of kindergarten teachers is generally not high, and their work enthusiasm needs to be improved. She hopes that the income level of kindergarten teachers can be improved. "When the income of kindergarten teachers is improved, more enthusiasm can be invested in preschool education."

　　What is gratifying is that the draft clearly proposes to improve the investment mechanism and strengthen the funding guarantee.

　　Ensure that the knowledge mastered by kindergarten teachers is scientific and keeps pace with the times.

　　Xu Yuanfeng, a teacher of Dingxin Kindergarten in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, has been engaged in preschool education since she graduated from undergraduate course in 2016. Although her college major is preschool education, in recent years, with the development of preschool education and the acceleration of knowledge updating iteration, she found that the concepts and methods she had learned before could not meet the needs of her work.

　　In the teaching work, she found that some children have behavior problems, and she didn’t have enough educational and psychological knowledge as theoretical support, so she couldn’t scientifically and objectively analyze the causes of children’s behavior, which led to the bottleneck in the education of these children.

　　Xu Yuanfeng once encountered that some children walked into the kindergarten without talking, but they could talk naturally when they walked out of the kindergarten gate. This behavior lasted almost the whole kindergarten stage. At that time, she checked the relevant literature and thought that this may be "selective silence" and may be caused by serious separation anxiety. "But as a front-line teacher, I tried various ways such as encouragement and guidance, but it still didn’t work, which made me feel that my knowledge and methods still need to be improved."

　　She told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network that as a front-line teacher, it is necessary to constantly improve their professional quality, see the individual differences of different children in practical activities, master scientific physical and mental laws and age characteristics, match different educational methods, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.

　　"I look forward to allowing more teachers to receive continuing education and learn more scientific and advanced educational knowledge." What makes Xu Yuanfeng happy is that she saw what she expected in the draft. The draft stipulates that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of teaching staff and improve the quality of teachers. Kindergartens should scientifically carry out conservation and education activities according to the physical and mental development laws and age characteristics of preschool children, and should not teach the curriculum content in primary schools or adopt primary education methods.

　　Huang Qi was very happy when she saw the draft that "kindergartens should scientifically implement conservation and education activities according to the physical and mental development laws and age characteristics of preschool children", because her children had encountered similar problems.

　　Her eldest son has graduated from kindergarten and attended two private kindergartens, and the quality of the teachers he met is uneven. Individual teachers don’t understand the law of preschool children’s physical and mental development, don’t teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and only stay at the goal level of ensuring children’s personal safety, and can’t carefully guide children’s physical and mental healthy development.

　　She recalled that when the eldest son entered the new kindergarten as a transfer student, he had separation anxiety and it was difficult to adapt to the new group. Once after Huang Qi left the kindergarten, the child hid under the table and sobbed softly. The teacher turned a blind eye and did not give any comfort. "I was very disappointed when other parents saw it when they sent their children to the kindergarten."

　　In the news reports, Huang Qi saw that there were many kindergartens, especially private ones. In order to meet the psychological needs of some parents, the middle class began to practice writing and learn addition and subtraction. "This obviously does not conform to the law of children’s physical and mental development. Children’s finger muscles are more mature after the kindergarten class, and they can skillfully hold the pen. "

　　Zou Lina, director of the Kindergarten Mental Health Center of China Academy of Sciences and a doctor majoring in student development and education, found in teaching and scientific research that teachers’ mastery of children’s psychological laws is the basis for implementing all education, but in reality, many teachers have not paid due attention to it. "I found that many kindergartens are carrying out ineffective courses and activities and cannot take care of the individual needs of young children."

　　She found that some kindergarten teachers take their children to do manual work, painting and scientific experiments, but because they are not based on understanding the children’s growth level, they just follow the steps and simply repeat them, which does not encourage children to think deeply and explore. "This kind of activity design itself is not to promote children’s effective learning, but to simply imitate and mechanically operate."

　　She expects that kindergartens pay more attention to the individualized development needs of children and provide appropriate education for children from the perspective of the development of children’s psychological science. "Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training and guidance of preschool educators to ensure that the knowledge they have mastered is scientific and keeps pace with the times."

　　Create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care for and support the reform and development of preschool education.

　　Zou Lina believes that when the draft enters the deliberation stage for the first time, we should solicit more opinions from the public, gather the expectations and demands of all parties, and more benefit the people’s livelihood and public opinion. She suggested that parents, education administrators, preschool education practitioners, legal professionals and child psychologists should put forward more opinions and suggestions based on their own experiences and reach a consensus, so that the law can be enriched and improved.

　　Gao Bingcheng said that in the process of reviewing the law, the education department should make full use of TV channels, newspapers and magazines, online media and other channels, and publicize it to kindergarten teachers, parents and the public through feature films, brochures, series of articles and other forms, so that more people can understand the legislative process and care about preschool education.

　　He suggested that kindergartens, families and even the whole society should be guided to establish a scientific concept of protecting education and vigorously create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care for and support the reform and development of preschool education.

　　"Now when it comes to preschool education, it is generally considered to be a matter of kindergarten." Yan Hong said that at present, there are misunderstandings about the concept and orientation of preschool education in the whole society. Most of the people who take the initiative to understand preschool education are kindergarten teachers and parents don’t know enough.

　　She believes that since preschool education legislation has entered the preliminary examination procedure, it is necessary to carry out publicity and collect more opinions and feedback from everyone.

　　Ding Ling, who works in Beijing, has a son in kindergarten. Knowing that the draft has entered the deliberation stage, she said that parents should also understand the legislative process and make more suggestions, "expecting to solve more practical problems through legislation."

　　Ding Ling believes that parents can improve their legal literacy, have a more standardized and clear understanding of kindergarten management, and have a better understanding of children’s physical and mental development by understanding the relevant process of preschool education legislation and learning the specific contents in the draft. In addition, from the national level, better protection of children’s educational environment will play a very good role in alleviating parents’ educational anxiety.

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Li Huaxi Source: China Youth Daily

CCTV News:At the press conference held by the State Council Office yesterday (December 24), the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Transport said that this year, the transportation industry actively promoted the construction of major projects and provided support and services for the in-depth promotion of major national strategies.

Fan Zhenyu, Deputy Director of the Comprehensive Planning Department of the Ministry of Transport:We have promoted the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei transportation and the construction of xiong’an new area’s comprehensive transportation system. Key projects such as the Hebei section of Jingxiong Expressway have been completed and opened to traffic this year. The "four verticals and two horizontals" regional high-speed railway network in xiong’an new area has been accelerated, and the "four verticals and three horizontals" external highway backbone network has been fully formed, speeding up the construction of Tianjin North International Shipping Hub, and the passenger collection and distribution system of Daxing Airport is now more perfect.

Fan Zhenyu introduced that this year, Shanghai-Chongqing-Chengdu high-speed railway, Sichuan-Yanjiang Expressway and other projects were promoted in an orderly manner, and the entire line of Jiangxi-Shenzhen high-speed railway was connected. A number of major projects such as Wuhan Qingshan Yangtze River Bridge were completed and opened to traffic, and the 6-meter-deep waterway regulation project from Wuhan to Anqing was put into trial operation. The construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional traffic corridor in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is progressing steadily. Major projects such as the Shenzhen-China Passage and the Huang Mao Sea Passage are progressing smoothly, and the "one-hour living circle" in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has basically taken shape.

Fan Zhenyu, Deputy Director of the Comprehensive Planning Department of the Ministry of Transport:Efforts will be made to serve the coordinated development of the regions, speed up the completion of the shortcomings of the transportation infrastructure in the western region, vigorously promote the construction of new land and sea passages from Xinjiang to Tibet in comprehensive transportation corridor and the west, and promote the high-quality development of transportation in the northeast and central regions.

Next year, the Ministry of Transport will also build the Jingbin Railway and Jingtang Railway, speed up the construction of inter-provincial interconnection projects such as Ninghuai Railway and Sutai Expressway, speed up the development of the container terminal on the north side of Xiaoyangshan, promote the construction of the inland open channel in the central region, and build a one-hour traffic network in the economic circle of Chengdu and Chongqing.

　　CCTV News:In 2023, China successfully achieved the main expected goals of economic and social development, laying a solid foundation for economic development in 2024. At present, the factors supporting high-quality development are constantly gathering and increasing, the macro-policy space is still sufficient, and the basic trend of China’s economic recovery is good and long-term.

　　It’s not easy to pick up and be bright.

　　Kang Yi, director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that in the past year, China’s economy has produced a report card with good quality and sufficient weight, which can be summarized in four sentences: the rebound is good, the quality is full, the performance is bright, and it is not easy.

　　China is still the biggest "engine" of world economic growth.

　　Director of the National Bureau of Statistics Kang Yi:In 2023, China’s economic growth rate of 5.2% is not only higher than the estimated global growth rate of about 3%, but also among the best in the world’s major economies. The contribution rate of China’s economy to world economic growth in 2023 is expected to exceed 30%, which is the biggest "engine" of world economic growth.

　　China’s economy has won advantages in structural adjustment and transformation and upgrading.

　　In 2023, China promoted the economy to win advantages in structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading, and the quality of high-quality development was better.

　　The investment intensity of research and experiment funds in the whole society reached 2.64%

　　Director of the National Bureau of Statistics Kang Yi:According to the preliminary calculation, in 2023, the investment in social research and experimental development reached 3,327.82 billion yuan, and the investment intensity of social research and experimental development reached 2.64%, up by 0.08 percentage points over the previous year. Some major scientific and technological innovations have been reported frequently, especially the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing industry has been solidly promoted.

　　The contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth reached 111.4%.

　　In 2023, final consumption expenditure, total capital formation, import and export of goods and services will drive China’s economic growth by 4.3, 1.5 and -0.6 percentage points respectively, and their contribution rates to economic growth will be 82.5%, 28.9% and -11.4% respectively.

　　New progress has been made in building a new development pattern, the driving role of domestic circulation in economic development has been significantly enhanced, and the contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth has reached 111.4%, an increase of 25.3 percentage points over the previous year.

　　In the face of adverse effects such as shrinking external demand, exports have achieved positive growth and the share of the international market has remained generally stable. The advantages of super-large-scale market appear, and domestic and international circulation promote each other.

　　Director of the National Bureau of Statistics Kang Yi:In the next step, we should make overall plans to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, make overall plans for high-quality development and high-level security, make overall plans to promote deep-level reform and high-level opening-up, open up key "blocking points" that restrict the economic cycle, and promote the mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles.

　　In 2023, the GDP increased by 5.2% year-on-year.

　　The State Council Press Office held a press conference on January 17th, and Kang Yi, director of the National Bureau of Statistics, introduced the national economy in 2023. In 2023, the gross domestic product increased by 5.2% year-on-year.

　　According to preliminary calculation, the annual GDP in 2023 was 126,058.2 billion yuan, calculated at constant prices, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year.

　　By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 8,975.5 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 48,258.9 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7%; The added value of tertiary industry was 68,823.8 billion yuan, up by 5.8%.

　　Quarterly, GDP increased by 4.5% in the first quarter, 6.3% in the second quarter, 4.9% in the third quarter and 5.2% in the fourth quarter.

　　China’s grain output will reach a new high in 2023.　　　　 　

　　In 2023, China’s grain output reached a new high, reaching 695.41 million tons, an increase of 8.88 million tons or 1.3% over the previous year.

　　In 2023, the national industrial added value increased by 4.6% year-on-year.

　　In 2023, industrial production rose steadily. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 4.6% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of equipment manufacturing increased by 6.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.2 percentage points faster than that of industries above designated size.

　　In 2023, the added value of service industry increased by 5.8% over the previous year.

　　In 2023, the service industry grew rapidly, and the added value of the service industry increased by 5.8% over the previous year. Among them, the contact aggregation service industries such as accommodation, catering industry and information transmission have improved significantly.

　　In 2023, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 7.2% year-on-year.

　　In 2023, the market sales recovered quickly, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the whole year was 47,149.5 billion yuan, an increase of 7.2% over the previous year. Among them, service consumption grew rapidly, and the annual service retail sales increased by 20.0% over the previous year.

　　The scale of investment in fixed assets will increase in 2023.

　　In 2023, the scale of investment in fixed assets increased, and the investment in high-tech industries increased well. The investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) in the whole year was 50,303.6 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0% over the previous year. Among them, investment in high-tech manufacturing and high-tech service industries increased by 9.9% and 11.4% respectively.

　　In 2023, China’s employment situation was generally stable, and residents’ income continued to increase. The national urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.2% in the whole year, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous year. The per capita disposable income of the national residents was 39,218 yuan, a real increase of 6.1% over the previous year.