分类归档 vgdfvzdd

　　[authoritative interview]

　　Guangming Daily reporter zhang yi

　　This year is a year of special importance in the process of China’s modernization, and it is also the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. The Central Economic Work Conference, when deploying the key work in 2021, emphasized that it should adhere to the strategic base of expanding domestic demand. In the face of profound and complex changes in the development environment, how to get through the blocking points and fill the shortcomings, and form a higher level dynamic balance between demand traction supply and supply creation demand? How can consumption run out of the "acceleration" when expanding domestic demand? Wei Wang, director of the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, was interviewed by reporters and made an authoritative interpretation.

　　The core requirement of expanding domestic demand and building a new development pattern

　　Reporter: This year is the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. What kind of internal and external environment does China’s economic development face? What is the important role of adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand?

　　Wei Wang:In the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, China’s economy has shown strong resilience. In 2020, the gross domestic product (GDP) exceeded 100 billion yuan for the first time, an increase of 2.3% over the previous year. It is the only major economy in the world that maintains positive growth. At present, the factors supporting China’s economic growth are undergoing profound changes. On the one hand, due to the impact of the epidemic, the global economic recession is prominent and the trade friction is intensifying, which makes China’s economic development face severe external environmental challenges. On the other hand, the driving force of demand for economic growth is shifting from investment to consumption and innovation. In particular, China has a super-large-scale market advantage of 1.4 billion people, and strong domestic demand will become a solid foundation for promoting China’s sustained and stable economic growth.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand is the core requirement for building a new development pattern. Insisting on expanding domestic demand, accelerating the cultivation of new consumption, and further giving play to the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment are conducive to unblocking the domestic macro-cycle, alleviating risks and hedging external pressures, eliminating the risk aversion of enterprises, boosting development confidence, strengthening development resilience, expanding room for manoeuvre, improving self-adjustment ability, and realizing more full economies of scale, scope and network.

　　It is worth noting that at present, the expansion of China’s domestic demand and its promotion of economic growth are mainly driven by the continuous upgrading of consumption structure and consumption innovation promoted by new technologies, and there has been a new trend of upgrading and expanding, a new pattern of stratification and differentiation, and a series of new consumption that is different from the past has emerged, which has become a new kinetic energy and new growth point for promoting economic growth. Insisting on expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption in an all-round way is an important measure to conform to people’s yearning for a better life, which is conducive to making up for the shortcomings of high-end commodity consumption and education, housing, medical care and other services consumption, meeting people’s practical needs for better quality goods, better education, more comfortable living conditions, higher-level medical and health services, richer spiritual and cultural life, enhancing their sense of acquisition and happiness, and promoting people’s all-round development.

　　Innovation accelerates, and three positive factors promote consumption to accelerate recovery.

　　Reporter: According to the consumption data, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in 2020 was 39,198.1 billion yuan, down 3.9% from the previous year, and the decline was 3.3 percentage points narrower than that in the previous three quarters. How do you evaluate the situation of China’s consumer market in the past year?

　　Wei Wang:The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020 has brought a huge impact on China’s consumption. The recovery of consumption is first suppressed and then promoted, and the rigidity of consumption is prominent, and the recovery of consumption is gradual. Compared with the investment demand, consumption is more obviously affected by the epidemic situation, and the final consumption expenditure in the whole year pulls down GDP by 0.5 percentage points. However, with the major strategic achievements in epidemic prevention and control, the consumer market has gradually recovered, consumer demand has been continuously released, and the pulling effect of consumption on economic growth has rebounded quarter by quarter.

　　Although the epidemic has had a huge impact on China’s consumer market, it has also forced consumption innovation to accelerate, and new products, services and models have emerged at an accelerated pace, forming new consumption hotspots, which not only effectively promotes consumption recovery, but also becomes a new driving force for China’s economic recovery and growth. Online consumption has accelerated in an all-round way, and the "home economy" has accelerated the development of new consumption patterns, and the penetration rate has increased significantly. In 2020, the national online retail sales increased by 10.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 1.2 percentage points faster than the previous three quarters. Service consumption has migrated to online, and "contactless" service innovation has accelerated. During the epidemic, a series of "non-contact" services such as online education, medical care, entertainment, audio-visual and so on have exploded, and traditional services such as catering are also accelerating "touching the net". "Live broadcast with goods" has become a new bright spot, and innovation in marketing methods has emerged rapidly. The driving role of new consumption is prominent, and domestic consumption is growing strongly; Healthy consumption has become a new bright spot in the consumer market; New changes have taken place in holiday consumption; The return of consumption brings important opportunities for the recovery of the consumer market and the upgrading and expansion.

　　Reporter: From 2014 to 2019, consumption has become the first driving force for China’s economic growth for six consecutive years. What is the consumption prospect this year?

　　Wei Wang:Looking forward to 2021, three positive factors will accelerate the recovery of consumption. First, the development environment at home and abroad is expected to continue to improve. China effectively controlled the large-scale spread of the epidemic, and the economy took the lead in getting out of the impact and impact of the epidemic. The global economy has stepped into recovery. International organizations such as IMF (International Monetary Fund), World Bank, and OECD have recently lowered their global economic growth forecasts to 5.2%, 4%, and 4.2% next year, but they are still significantly higher than in 2020 (9.5, 5.9, and 8.4 percentage points higher, respectively). Secondly, the overall balance of supply and demand in the domestic market. The IMF predicts that the year-on-year growth rate of world CPI will be 3.4% and that of China will be 2.7% in 2021. While the global supply and demand pressure is rising, the supply and demand in China market will be relatively more stable. With the continuous improvement of the epidemic prevention and control mechanism and the improvement of the consumption environment, residents’ adaptability to getting along with the epidemic for a long time has been enhanced, and consumer confidence and willingness will rise steadily, which is conducive to the continuous improvement of market demand. Finally, the government insists on stabilizing employment and market players as priority areas for policy support, and the actual growth rate of residents’ income is expected to return to the growth track.

　　Generally speaking, with the expected improvement of global economic growth and the stable market environment, China’s macro-economy will continue to rebound steadily and the economic cycle will be smoother. On the basis of the low base in 2020, the total retail sales of social consumer goods is expected to increase by about 4%-5% in 2021, and the role of consumption in driving economic growth will be further strengthened.

　　Focus on breakthroughs to make the advantages of ultra-large-scale markets stronger.

　　Reporter: What do you think are the main "blocking points" and "pain points" for expanding domestic demand at present? How to smooth? How to further develop the advantages of China’s super-large market scale?

　　Wei Wang:Objectively speaking, although China has a super-large-scale market advantage, it is still not strong enough, and there is still some fragility. The release of consumption potential and the development of new consumption still face many institutional constraints, and the effective and high-end supply still lags behind. There are many shortcomings and weak links in infrastructure construction such as transportation, water conservancy, energy, public health, ecological environment protection, agriculture and rural areas, disaster prevention and mitigation, etc. The pace of accelerating institutional opening to the international advanced standards and improving the internationalization level of China’s market still needs to be accelerated and legalized.

　　In 2021, on the basis of adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, economic work should organically combine comprehensively promoting consumption and enhancing investment stamina with deepening supply-side structural reform, pay attention to demand-side management, make effective institutional arrangements in rationally guiding consumption, savings and investment, open up blocking points, fill shortcomings, smooth the national economic cycle, accelerate the improvement of supply quality and improve the infrastructure conducive to the release of domestic demand, and promote the supply of goods and services from the low-end to the high-end, which is the "14 th Five-Year Plan"

　　The most fundamental thing to expand consumption is to promote employment and raise the real income level. On the basis of "six guarantees" and "six stabilities", we should improve the vocational and technical education system to achieve more full and higher quality employment and improve the income level of a wider class; At the same time, by speeding up the improvement of social security and the additional deduction policy for personal income tax, we will further optimize the income distribution structure, reduce the burden on households, stabilize middle-income groups and improve the ability to pay for consumption, thus laying a stable market foundation for expanding consumption.

　　It is necessary to speed up the improvement of supply quality, accelerate the cultivation of high-end brands in food, cosmetics, clothing, consumer electronics and other fields, and promote the supply of goods from low-end to high-end; Promote the transformation and upgrading of the consumer industry structure, especially the accelerated development of various life service industries such as catering, accommodation, tourism and travel; Accelerate the development of various new technologies, new products, new services, new formats and new models, and further improve the development level of the digital economy in the consumer sector. Reasonably increase public consumption and improve the efficiency of public service expenditures such as education, medical care, old-age care and child care. Further relax access restrictions in the fields of education, medical care and old-age care, and support social forces to increase effective supply.

　　It is necessary to take the construction of modern circulation system as the breakthrough point, and accelerate the formation of a large domestic market with convergence of supply and demand, integration of urban and rural areas, and connectivity of domestic and foreign trade. Accelerate the sinking of the domestic demand market, further promote the construction of an efficient circulation system in urban and rural areas, expand the coverage of e-commerce in rural areas, promote the two-way circulation of industrial products to the countryside and agricultural products to the city, and fully tap the consumption potential of counties and towns. Accelerate the development of new international consumption formats such as cross-border e-commerce and duty-free shops in the city, and accelerate the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade.

　　Guangming Daily (January 25, 2021, 04 edition)

　　Core reading

　　At present, China has realized the nationwide networked monitoring of enterprises in high-risk industries, constructed the "smart supervision" mode of safety production, built and popularized the "internet plus law enforcement" system throughout the country, realized the sharing and sharing of the national law enforcement inspection list and the whole process of law enforcement documents, greatly shortened the time for making complete sets of documents, standardized law enforcement behavior and improved law enforcement efficiency.

　　In recent years, new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence have been fully applied in the field of safety production. Through computer vision, video recognition and other related technologies, we can analyze behaviors such as leaving the post on duty and entering dangerous areas. Through satellite remote sensing big data, it can accurately identify whether the safe distance between hazardous chemicals storage tanks and residential areas meets the requirements; Using the "internet plus Law Enforcement" system, we can make a security risk portrait of enterprises through data analysis, thus delineating the key point of law enforcement … …

　　Under the background of the new era, the emergency management department is based on fundamentally eliminating hidden dangers of accidents, fundamentally solving problems, deeply integrating informatization into safety production, promoting the improvement of the intrinsic safety level of enterprises by means of scientific and technological informatization, and making every effort to prevent and resolve major safety risks and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property. Recently, the reporter learned from the Emergency Management Department that at present, China has realized the nationwide networked monitoring of enterprises in high-risk industries, built a "smart supervision" mode of safety production, built and popularized the "internet plus law enforcement" system throughout the country, realized the sharing and sharing of the national law enforcement inspection list and the whole process of electronic law enforcement documents, greatly shortened the time for making complete sets of documents, standardized law enforcement behavior and improved law enforcement efficiency.

　　Vigorously promote the whole process of law enforcement "online access"

　　In recent years, the Emergency Management Department has conscientiously implemented the Opinions of the Central Office and the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement in Emergency Management, vigorously promoted the informatization construction of law enforcement, and actively promoted the application of the "internet plus Law Enforcement" system.

　　According to Wei Pingyan, Director of the Science and Information Department of the Emergency Management Department, the Emergency Management Department has empowered the law enforcement in production safety through the internet plus, built and popularized the "internet plus Law Enforcement" system in the whole country, established the basic data ledger of enterprises in key industries nationwide, realized the data access and comprehensive analysis of law enforcement behavior in production safety in the whole country, and initially possessed the national law enforcement situation analysis ability. Intelligent law enforcement auxiliary tools can automatically identify more than 30 kinds of hidden dangers of key processes and key equipment, such as hazardous chemicals, industry and trade, and solve the problem that problems could not be found in previous law enforcement inspections. The system realizes the sharing of the national law enforcement inspection list and the whole process of law enforcement documents, greatly shortens the time of making complete sets of documents, standardizes law enforcement behavior and improves law enforcement efficiency.

　　"Vigorously promote the informatization construction of law enforcement and actively promote its application ‘ Law enforcement in internet plus ’ System, aiming at realizing ‘ Three pushes ’ 。” Yang Zhihui, director of the Safety Law Enforcement and Industry and Trade Supervision Bureau of the Emergency Management Department, further introduced.

　　Promote the improvement of the informatization level of law enforcement in the field of safety production. Comprehensively popularize and apply the "internet plus law enforcement" system, vigorously promote the whole process of law enforcement "online access to the network", aiming at realizing the transformation from traditional law enforcement to intelligent law enforcement through digital and intelligent means, and vigorously improving the informationization and intelligence level of law enforcement in the field of safety production.

　　Promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of law enforcement in production safety. The system integrates the safety standard library of safety production laws and standards in the whole industry, and develops the document production client and intelligent auxiliary module, which can help grass-roots law enforcement personnel to learn legal knowledge and standardize law enforcement behavior, and provide strong support for improving law enforcement quality and efficiency.

　　Promote the standardization of law enforcement. Through the integrated and standardized management of on-site inspection, investigation, examination and approval, closing and filing, the system forms mechanisms such as online entry of law enforcement information, online management of law enforcement process, online generation of law enforcement files, and online evaluation of law enforcement effectiveness, realizing transparent supervision of the whole process of law enforcement and promoting strict, standardized, fair and civilized law enforcement.

　　The reporter noted that at present, a total of 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps use the system unified by the Emergency Management Department, and 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) use their own law enforcement information systems. "According to ‘ Ministry building promotion, self-built docking, module upgrade, data sharing ’ Principle, application in the layout of national emergency management system ‘ Law enforcement in internet plus ’ The system has achieved initial results such as the gradual improvement of law enforcement informationization foundation, the basic establishment of data sharing application mechanism, and the continuous promotion and application of the system. " Yang Zhihui said that, especially around the 25 key issues of law enforcement inspection in the industry and trade, the Emergency Management Department organized and developed the special law enforcement module for industry and trade and conducted pilot application. By the end of June this year, 34,000 key enterprises, such as steel, dust and explosives, had been registered in the national special law enforcement for industry and trade, and 17,000 key enterprises were inspected by using the system, which provided strong support for the three-year special rectification of production safety.

　　Full coverage of networked monitoring of major hazard installations.

　　Since 2010, China has become the world’s largest producer of chemicals, accounting for about 40% of the world’s total output. Dangerous chemicals have always been the key areas to prevent and resolve major safety risks because of their large scale, long management chain and high safety risks.

　　"In the hazardous chemicals industry, it has basically achieved the full coverage of networked monitoring of major hazard enterprises, focusing on accessing the data of 440,000 monitoring points and becoming a national ‘ Internet plus Supervision ’ Important demonstration application of the system. " Wei Pingyan said.

　　"The major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals have large reserves and concentrated energy. Once an accident occurs, it is easy to cause heavy casualties and property losses, which is the top priority for preventing and controlling major safety risks of hazardous chemicals." Song Honglin, deputy director of Division I of the Emergency Management Department, said that in recent years, while continuously improving offline control measures, the Emergency Management Department has made full use of advanced information technology to build a risk monitoring and early warning system for hazardous chemicals safety production, which has realized the monitoring and monitoring information of more than 7,000 enterprises and more than 20,000 major hazard sources nationwide, and continuously strengthened online control of major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals. Since the establishment and operation of the system, the safety management of major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals has been installed with "clairvoyance" and "clairvoyance". Through dynamic monitoring and automatic early warning, the gateway of major risk prevention and control has been continuously moved forward, and the efficiency has been significantly improved, which has played an increasingly important role in government supervision and enterprise management.

　　In addition, in March last year, the Emergency Management Department issued a plan to comprehensively launch the pilot construction of "Industrial internet plus Hazardous Chemical Safety Production". Closely following the current difficulties and pain points in the safe production of hazardous chemicals, closely surrounding the digitalization of all elements of the chemical process safety management system, 17 enterprise scenarios, 9 park and industry scenarios are refined and decomposed, and requirements are put forward for the scene construction at the group company and government level, and efforts are made to create a number of application scenarios, industrial App and industrial mechanism models in three years, and to build a preliminary framework of "hazardous safe production in industrial internet plus".

　　Over the past year or so, in accordance with the principle of "government-led, enterprise-oriented", 80 pilot units have been selected to try first, and the whole process of follow-up guidance has been continuously strengthened. Ten excellent pilot construction schemes have been reviewed and compiled one by one for the whole country to share. The special operation management, daily inspection, personnel positioning and double prevention mechanism, which are characterized by high security risks and are "invisible, incomplete and poorly managed" by traditional means, have been taken as the necessary scenes, and guidelines have been formulated to promote the first breakthrough. At present, the digital construction of dual prevention mechanism has been fully carried out in major hazard source enterprises, and 5,551 enterprises have completed the construction work, with a completion rate of 82%. By the end of the year, the national major hazard source enterprises will be fully covered.

　　Remote supervision, supervision and law enforcement to ensure mine safety

　　In the supervision of mine safety, in recent years, the State Administration of Mine Safety has vigorously promoted the construction of mine safety informatization, and improved the ability to prevent and resolve the risks of various mine disasters with a new generation of information technology as a whole.

　　"In terms of information construction, we can use law enforcement ‘ A game of chess ’ , monitoring ‘ A net ’ To summarize. " Wang Sufeng, director of the Network Information Office of the State Administration of Mine Safety, said. First of all, the national coal mine safety supervision and law enforcement "chess game" is built, and the whole process of coal mine safety approval, design review, administrative license, law enforcement inspection, administrative punishment and closure and exit is handled online, and the intelligent analogy module of the same case is developed to intelligently push the applicable legal provisions and historical penalties to law enforcement personnel, making law enforcement more just, fair and standardized. Secondly, the "one network" of coal mine safety risk monitoring and early warning system has been built, and the networking and data access of the "three systems" (safety monitoring, personnel positioning and industrial video) of 3,423 coal mines across the country have been completed, which can monitor more than 600,000 sensors such as methane and carbon monoxide, more than 800,000 workers entering the well and 43,000 industrial video dynamic monitoring data online; Completed 3364 coal mine "electronic seals" networking access. Mine safety supervisors at all levels can check the gas overrun and underground personnel of any coal mine at any time.

　　According to Wang Sufeng, after more than a year of use, the whole system has basically formed a new way of supervision and supervision of "online daily inspection+on-site verification". Using the system, 3421 times of coal mine remote monitoring and law enforcement were carried out, and 12013 hidden dangers were investigated, including 128 major hidden dangers.

　　The State Administration of Mine Safety conducted risk analysis and judgment by using the accessed coal mine perception data, urged provincial bureaus and mining enterprises to carry out verification and disposal, monitored a total of 45,537 gas alarm data, analyzed and counted 4,258 cases of gas exceeding the limit, and notified and urged the rectification of 444 regional risks and major hidden dangers.

　　There is a set of comparative data that is more convincing: compared with the application of risk monitoring and early warning system in June last year, the number of gas accidents in coal mines nationwide decreased by 1133, a decrease of 86.4%; The national coal mine gas disposal rate rose by 43.8%, with an increase of 78.2%, reaching 99.8%. The situation of gas overrun in coal mines has changed greatly. "The data shows that by accelerating the use of information technology, the main responsibility of mine safety production has been further consolidated, and the scientific, accurate and targeted law enforcement has been effectively improved, providing basic support for preventing and resolving major safety risks in mines." Wang Sufeng said frankly.

　　In addition, the National Mine Safety Supervision Bureau will accelerate the construction of "smart mines", strive to build safe mines, and use modern information technology to escort mine safety production. (Reporter Cai Yanhong)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, November 22nd Title: Accelerate the rise of the Yellow River and develop a new city with high quality — — Experience in the construction of Jinan’s new and old kinetic energy conversion starting area

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Yuan Junbao and Wang Zhi

　　Driving through the Jinan Yellow River Jiluo Road Tunnel, which is known as the "First Tunnel of the Yellow River in Wan Li", you can reach the starting area of Jinan’s new and old kinetic energy conversion from the main city of Jinan on the south bank of the Yellow River in 5 minutes. Looking around, there are many construction sites, tower cranes and roaring equipment.

　　The assembly workshop in Jinan BYD Industrial Park is busy, and a large number of workers and technicians are installing and debugging equipment in this workshop with a length of 1000 meters. "The first new energy vehicle will be rolled off the assembly line soon, and it will take less than one year from the official start to the production." Pan Bing, deputy director of the Economic Development Department of Jinan Starting Zone Management Committee, said that the total investment of the project is 15 billion yuan, and it will have an annual production capacity of 300,000 vehicles in the future.

　　The production workshop of equipment is being installed in Jinan BYD Industrial Park. (Photo courtesy of Jinan Qibu District Management Committee)

　　In the Science and Technology Innovation Park of Zhongke New Economy, three branches of Chinese Academy of Sciences, including the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and several industrialization projects have landed; Jinan Advanced Power Research Institute completed the research and manufacture of 20 MW gas turbine, which filled the domestic technical gap … … At present, Jinan Qibu District has signed 137 high-end quality projects with a total investment of more than 330 billion yuan, including 43 projects of Fortune 500 and China Top 500 enterprises.

　　"The party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress put forward ‘ Promote the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing industry ’ ‘ Promote the development of strategic emerging industries integration cluster ’ ‘ Open up and develop new fields and new tracks, and constantly shape and develop new kinetic energy and new advantages ’ This has provided guidance for the industrial development of our starting area and strengthened our confidence. " Bin Sun, member of the Standing Committee of Jinan Municipal Committee and director of Jinan Qibu District Management Committee, said that Qibu District is striving to build a modern industrial system with a new generation of strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries such as information technology, intelligent manufacturing and high-end equipment, new energy and new materials as the main body, and high-end service industry and modern high-efficiency agriculture as the support.

　　Zhongke New Economy Science and Technology Innovation Park has landed in three branches of Chinese Academy of Sciences and several industrialization projects. (Photo courtesy of Jinan Qibu District Management Committee)

　　In 1855, the Yellow River diverted through Jinan, Shandong Province, and became a natural barrier across the northern part of Jinan City. Since then, after many years, the main urban area of Jinan has formed a strip pattern with Daming Lake as the center, which is long and narrow from east to west and short from north to south, and the urban development space is increasingly limited.

　　In October, 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan for the Yellow River Basin, which clearly stated that "Jinan should be supported to build a starting area for the conversion of old and new kinetic energy". In April last year, the State Council approved the Implementation Plan for the Construction of Jinan New and Old Kinetic Energy Conversion Starting Area. Jinan ushered in a new opportunity from the "Daming Lake era" to the "Yellow River era".

　　"The planned area of the starting area is equivalent to the existing built-up area of Jinan, and it is positioned as the main position for the expansion of urban space in Jinan. The construction of the starting area will turn the Yellow River from a natural barrier that restricts development into an ecological bond that integrates the two sides." Li Guoxiang, full-time deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee in Jinan Starting Area, said.

　　Jinan’s starting area resettles the west area and strives to create a 15-minute living circle for residents. (Photo courtesy of Jinan Qibu District Management Committee)

　　In the future, the starting area will be an industrial new city, but also a green new city and a livable new city.

　　Green new city, man and nature coexist harmoniously. In early winter, swans wintering here from Siberia are playing and foraging leisurely in the grit chamber of Queshan Reservoir in the starting area. Zhou Keqi, secretary of the Party branch of Nanfan Village in Daqiao Street, told the reporter: "The natural environment is good. The number of swans who came to our village for the winter has increased from less than 10 a few years ago to more than 80 now."

　　"The blue-green space such as water system wetland, park green space and farmland woodland in the starting area accounts for more than 70%, and each project embodies the green concept. Every building is an energy-saving and environmentally-friendly green building, and green is the most distinctive background color here." Li Guoxiang said.

　　Livable in a new city, everyone lives in a proper place. The starting area of Jinan, which is under construction, is located in the west area. There are fitness trails, all-year-old activity venues and outdoor fitness venues in the community. Facilities such as hospitals, primary and secondary schools, and day care centers for the elderly will be built near the community to create a 15-minute living circle for residents.

　　The Phoenix Bridge over the Yellow River in Jinan, which was completed and opened to traffic in January 2022, will accelerate Jinan from the "Daming Lake era" to the "Yellow River era". (Photo courtesy of Jinan Qibu District Management Committee)

　　In Sungeng Street Smart City Operation Command Sub-center, the information of 14,000 houses and 52,000 people in the jurisdiction is synchronized to the system platform, and the work order disposal of 12345 citizen service hotline, fire alarm information monitoring and grid staff management can all achieve "smart management".

　　Yue Guangfei, Economic Development Department of Jinan Qibu District Management Committee, said that "building a livable, resilient and smart city" proposed by Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party is the goal and direction of the Qibu District. Among them, Jinan Starting Area will build a digital twin city by building urban digital public infrastructure and CIM platform. "In the future, information such as daily water consumption and power consumption of each building, as well as various social and livelihood information such as transportation and fire protection, can be linked to ‘ Urban brain ’ In order to achieve rapid perception, rapid scheduling and rapid disposal. "

　　Dahedong River flows, not giving up day and night, working hard, seizing every minute. On the bank of the Yellow River in Jinan, the high-quality development new city in the starting area is accelerating its rise.

　　Zhongxin. com, Chengdu, October 10 (Reporter Zhang Lang) The Propaganda Department of Dachuan District Committee of Dazhou City, Sichuan Province reported on the 10th: As of 15: 50 on the 9th, four trapped people were all rescued in the sidewalk pavement collapse disaster at No.103 Donghuan South Road, Dachuan District, Dazhou City. Two of them died after being rescued, and two were found dead at the scene.

　　At 14: 30 on October 7, a pavement collapse occurred at No.103 Donghuan South Road, Dachuan District, Dazhou City, covering an area of about 10 square meters, and four people were trapped. After the disaster, Dazhou City and Dachuan District quickly set up emergency rescue headquarters, which set up seven groups including on-site rescue, emergency stability, medical rescue, after-care disposal, accident investigation and logistics support to co-ordinate the entire rescue work.

　　Due to the dense houses around the road surface collapse point and the complex underground environment, the deepest collapse depth is 15.6 meters. In addition, the soil at the collapse point blocks the culvert, forming a weir, and continuous rainfall has accumulated more than 70,000 cubic meters of water in the culvert, facing the danger of secondary disasters, and the whole rescue work is extremely difficult.

　　Among them, one pair of fallen people is husband and wife, and the other is father and son. At 00:10 on October 8, a trapped person was found and died on the way to the hospital. At 9:36 on October 8, rescuers found another trapped person in the operation area, and died after being rescued. It is understood that the two deceased were a newly married couple. The man He Mou was 22 years old and the woman Mou Mou was 23 years old. They were killed just four days after their marriage.

　　During the rescue process, more than 400 people from more than 20 rescue teams, including Dazhou Safety Production Emergency Rescue Detachment, Sichuan Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau Coal Mine Emergency Drainage Station and Sichuan Academy of Building Science, invested more than 100 sets of machinery and equipment to participate in the rescue.

　　At present, the joint expert group of Sichuan Province and Dazhou City is further analyzing and verifying the causes of this disaster by consulting relevant historical materials and field surveys. Dachuan District has carried out relevant work in an all-round and orderly manner according to the hidden danger investigation and disaster management plan proposed by the expert group.

CCTV News:Yesterday (August 28th), the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection announced the investigation and punishment of mental problems in violation of the eight central regulations in July. A total of 5,434 problems were investigated and dealt with, and 8,185 people were criticized, educated, helped and dealt with, of which 5,626 were punished by party discipline and government affairs.

According to the latest data, in the first seven months of this year, the problem of illegal eating and drinking was still prominent in some places. Previously, the website of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection had published an article pointing out that "eating official letters" is one of the important manifestations of the current "four winds" problem. So what is "eating official letters" and what are its main manifestations?

According to the requirements of the "Regulations on the Administration of Domestic Official Reception of Party and Government Organs", if it is really necessary to receive a business trip, the dispatched unit shall send an official letter to the reception unit to inform the content, itinerary and personnel. The reimbursement voucher for reception expenses shall include financial bills, official letters from the sending unit and reception list. Official activities and visitors without official letters will not be received. It can be said that "no letter, no reception" and "no letter, no reimbursement" are the "hard levers" in official reception.

The so-called "eating official letters" is actually the "four winds" problem of using official letters to eat and drink illegally. Judging from the notified cases, there are various forms of "eating official letters". Some cadres in party member use blank official letters and false official letters to eat and drink illegally or take public funds for other expenses. For example, in June this year, the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection issued the third batch of guiding cases for law enforcement. The first case is Yao, the party branch secretary and detachment leader of a comprehensive law enforcement detachment in a cultural market, asking for multiple "blank official letters" from foreign units, fictional reception matters and reimbursing the detachment. In April 2022, Yao was severely warned by the party, and the government record was punished, and the illegal income was refunded.

　　　　　　 In addition to eating and drinking in "blank official letters", some units engage in "multiple meals in one letter", arrange multiple meals in one official reception, split the overspent meals, and "cut the peak and fill the valley" to be reimbursed under other reception letters. A few units still "don’t eat at the same level and eat at the lower level" and pass on the food and drink expenses to the subordinate units. For example, Wang Liansheng, the former head of the Safety Management Section of Wenling Education Bureau in Zhejiang Province, used his position to reimburse more than 27,000 yuan for official receptions and personal banquets without official letters and exceeding the standard in the name of a subordinate school in Wenling City. Wang Liansheng was "double-opened" because of other violations of discipline and law.

Since the beginning of this year, according to the deployment of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels have kept a close eye on the problems exposed by "eating official letters" and strengthened supervision and inspection to prevent the "four winds" from rebounding.

Judging from the investigation of various cases of "eating official letters", in some places, official letters are self-made and spontaneous by various units, and management is arbitrary, and there are phenomena of false opening, indiscriminate opening and disorderly opening; Some units exchange blank official letters and fill in the reimbursement independently when necessary; The problem of official reception procedures is more prominent.

Sun Dawei, Deputy Secretary General of China Integrity Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences:"Eating official letters" reveals that there are still supervision blind spots and management loopholes in official reception work, and the relevant supporting systems are not precise enough and the system implementation is not strict enough, which leaves an opportunity for false reception, over-standard reception and invisible variation reception.

In essence, "eating official letters" is still a problem of eating and drinking illegally. The reason why these party member cadres who violate the rules and regulations are willing to empty their minds and eat and drink in the name of official reception is not only to satisfy their appetite, but some of them also hope to manage and maintain their "small circle" through dinner and take the opportunity to blend their interests.

Sun Dawei, Deputy Secretary General of China Integrity Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences:The problems exposed by "eating official letters" are by no means trivial. Behind them, there are often problems of style and corruption, as well as problems of wind and corruption, wind and corruption, and wind and corruption. "Eating official letters" runs counter to the original intention of the establishment of the official letter reception system, and blatantly violates the specific requirements of rectifying and treating "four winds". It is a kind of face-lifting and intentional evasion of supervision.

In this regard, since the beginning of this year, discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels have strengthened supervision and inspection of the problem of "eating official letters" by consulting materials and on-the-spot inspection. The Supervision Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection keeps a close eye on the illegal eating and drinking problems such as issuing false official letters to each other and "helping to eat" and going to lower-level units. On the basis of unannounced visits, it improves the cooperation and cooperation mechanism with relevant departments and strengthens the supervision of official reception by digital means. Jiangxi, Hubei and other places have strengthened the online supervision of the reimbursement process of official reception expenses by promoting the establishment of a network supervision platform, and made efforts to break the illegal food and drink capital chain.

　　On November 30th, Liangpin Store (SH603719, share price of 19.38 yuan/share, market value of 7.8 billion yuan) announced the largest price reduction for the first time in 17 years. The average price of more than 300 products sold in the store was reduced by 22%, with the highest drop of 45%, mainly focusing on snacks with cost optimization but high repurchase rate.

　　It seems no coincidence that Yang Yinfen, the new chairman and general manager of the company, has only been in office for three days. In a short period of time, good shops have successively announced "coaching change" and "price reduction".

　　A few days ago, Yang Yinfen bluntly said in an open letter to all the staff: "At present, what is before us is not only the problem of living hard, but the problem of living or not."

　　This year, the leisure snack industry is surging, and the discount snack industry is gaining momentum. Recently, two big discount snack head enterprises, Busy Snacks and Zhao Yiming Snacks, announced their merger. The industry believes that the price reduction of this good shop has a certain relationship with the forced force of discount snack enterprises.

　　Yang Yinfen Data Map Image Source: Every reporter Chen Qingshe

　　"Facing the most difficult challenge since starting a business"

　　Just taking up the post of new chairman and general manager, Yang Yinfen made a big move.

　　The price reduction of good shops is mainly aimed at offline stores. Among them, nuts such as macadamia nuts, pine nuts, pistachios and cashews, meat snacks such as pork jerky, duck neck and roasted sausage, spicy strips, dried beans, bread cakes and melon seeds with high repurchase rate are the main force to reduce prices.

　　For a long time, good shops have adhered to the positioning of high-end snacks. Why is the price reduction announced now? Shen Meng, director of chansons Capital, said in an interview with national business daily that the reason for the price reduction may lie in the adjustment of consumption structure and the downward movement of consumer demand, forcing enterprises to respond to market changes by reducing prices, otherwise they may lose their share.

　　Zhu Danpeng, a food industry analyst in China, also believes that the leisure snacks in China have entered the parity cycle due to the macro-economic environment and the lack of confidence of consumers, and this strategic adjustment of good shops is timely.

　　On November 29th, Yang Yinfen sent an open letter to all employees. According to an open letter obtained by the reporter of national business daily, Yang Yinfen analyzed three reasons for the price reduction:

　　In terms of industry, online consumption flow has shifted, competition has intensified, various offline snack modes have blossomed in an all-round way, and a series of "new species" have emerged;

　　On the user side, consumption has entered a rational era. In addition, the letter wrote: "The real problem that consumers think we are’ expensive’ also shows that the price of our products must be more close to the people."

　　On its own, the company has developed for 17 years, with bloated institutions and overstaffed people, and bureaucracy and departmentalism have emerged. Externally, the development is sluggish, and the scale and profitability are declining.

　　"Earth-shaking changes are taking place inside and outside. Family, what reason do we have to remain unchanged? " Yang Yinfen bluntly said in an open letter.

　　Yang Yinfen also said: "I said in August this year that the 17-year-old good product is facing the most difficult challenge since it started its business. At present, this challenge is still intensifying. If we want to break through the encirclement, good products must’ fade’ to be old and reborn like a soaring eagle. "

　　In fact, the current performance of good shops has fallen into a bottleneck. In the first three quarters of this year, good shops realized operating income of 5.999 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 14.33%; The net profit of returning to the mother was 191 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 33.43%.

　　Image source: every data map

　　"and discount snacks are different development paths."

　　For the food industry, product quality and safety is the lifeline of enterprises.

　　After the price reduction, will the product quality of the good shop also change? Yang Yinfen said in an open letter: The company must adhere to the development route of high-quality snacks, but the company should think about "quality" from the perspective of consumers.

　　"We are taking a differentiated road, which is essentially a different development path from discount snacks." He said.

　　In this regard, Shen Meng believes that, generally speaking, the cost of enterprise price reduction is partly to compress its own profit space, partly to optimize its own cost structure, and a considerable part is to squeeze the profits of suppliers.

　　At present, the fast-moving discount snack enterprises have relatively low sales prices at product terminals, and the very important reason is to establish purchasing advantages in the supply chain. Then, what is the difference between the current strategy of good shops and the discount snack enterprises? Where will their "cutting costs" start?

　　National business daily reporter noted that the leisure and snack industry is not a high gross profit margin industry. According to the 2022 annual report of Liangpin Store, the gross profit margin of the company’s main business is 27.67%.

　　According to good shops, the space for price reduction comes from measures such as improving supply chain efficiency, improving lean production, optimizing operating costs and introducing gross profit red line. "Cut" into the enterprise to cover the needs of more consumers.

　　Yang Yinfen said that good shops and discount snacks are two completely different species. Good shops adhere to the logic of channel plus products, and establish a long supply chain that traces the origin of raw materials. The company has to design packaging, research and development, and formulate product quality standards, which is determined by the company’s self-operated model.

　　Therefore, the two have formed a completely different price logic, and the methods of "squeezing water" from the supply chain are also different. For good shops, "squeezing water" is not an extreme squeeze on suppliers, but through lean management in cost control, production efficiency and commercial efficiency, so that every supplier in the industrial chain becomes a participant, contributor and beneficiary of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

　　Image source: every data map

　　Will a new round of "price war" come?

　　The price reduction of good shops has become the "headline news" of today’s leisure snack industry. What impact will this have on the industry?

　　The reporter of national business daily noticed that another big news of the leisure snack industry in November was that the snacks of the head discount snack enterprises were very busy and merged with those of Zhao Yiming.

　　With regard to the above merger, Founder Securities once analyzed that there was a price war trend in the discount snack industry before, and the accelerated integration of head brands is conducive to shaping a benign industry competition pattern. It is difficult for head brands to defeat each other by virtue of price wars, and the price war may slow down.

　　Discount snack products have always been known for their high cost performance. Now, with the price reduction of good shops, will the price advantage of discount snacks be weakened, and will the industry structure also undergo new changes?

　　Not only discount snack enterprises, but also the reaction of other leading leisure snack enterprises has also received attention.

　　According to media reports, Baicaowei said that there is no similar price reduction action at present.

　　According to another report, Three Squirrels (SZ300783, share price of 18.82 yuan, market value of 7.547 billion yuan) said that the company has been implementing the strategy of "high-end cost performance" for a long time this year, improving quality and reducing prices through supply chain integration and strengthening internal management, and keeping the terminal price at a benign level under the premise of ensuring basic profits, which will continue to advance in the future.

　　Image source: every data map

　　Previous reports show that the three squirrels have already implemented the strategy of "high-end cost performance". Talking about the future of the snack industry, the company mentioned "delicious is not expensive" in its recent reply. "The snack industry has broad development space and opportunities, and the consumption demand of delicious is not expensive, which has promoted the great change of the global supply and demand relationship."

　　Shen Meng analyzed that the price reduction of higher-priced enterprises will squeeze the space of lower-priced enterprises, forcing lower-priced enterprises to maintain consumers by reducing prices. The temporary competitive advantage formed by price reduction will bring pressure to other homogeneous competing products. If other brands lack sufficient differentiation, they must follow up the price reduction.

　　Zhu Danpeng also believes that with the decline in the price of head brands, the whole industry may be affected, and everyone may compete to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the future. He said that as for how to better achieve cost reduction optimization, suggestions can be achieved through the optimization of supply chain and the improvement of store operation efficiency.

Hubei Daily News (Reporter Wen Jun, correspondent Deng Xiaojun, Liu Jingtuo) On May 22nd, the launching ceremony of the third "National Love Dolphin Month" and the "Digital Dolphin" exhibition kicked off in Wuhan. Mei Zhigang, an associate researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced at the meeting that two Yangtze finless porpoises released in the wild for the first time in China have probably been integrated into the natural population of Yangtze finless porpoises. The results of "Great Protection of the Yangtze River" and "Ten-year Fishing Ban" have enabled the finless porpoise to be successfully released into the Yangtze River in the wild, which is conducive to promoting the natural population of the Yangtze finless porpoise to rebound.

On April 25th, four Yangtze finless porpoises bred from ex-situ conservation areas were released into the Yangtze River in the national nature reserve of the Yangtze River in Xinluo section of Hubei Province and the national nature reserve of the Yangtze River in Swan Island of Hubei Province. This is the first time that China has carried out ex-situ conservation of Yangtze finless porpoises. Among the four finless porpoises, two 5-year-old male finless porpoises have received adaptive training for two years before, and have basically adapted to the living environment in the natural waters of the Yangtze River, and have been directly released to the Xinluo section of the main stream of the Yangtze River. The other two finless porpoises, a 13-year-old male finless porpoise and a 5-year-old female finless porpoise, need to undergo a period of wild training in the purse seine before guiding them back to the natural waters of the Yangtze River.

The researchers put "small vests" on the two released Yangtze finless porpoises, which are equipped with radio positioning and tracking systems, and acoustic positioning base stations placed in the water, which can monitor the position, predation and integration of finless porpoises in real time. On April 28th, through the "small vest" worn by the Yangtze finless porpoise, it was found that two wild released Yangtze finless porpoises and one wild Yangtze finless porpoise lived together to form a "3-dolphin group". On May 1, the "small vest" fell off, and two Yangtze finless porpoises went downstream. The scientific researchers found several large finless porpoises in the waters of Jiayu Bridge and Xintan section for 20 kilometers.

"The finless porpoises are all implanted with chips, just like their ID cards, which will accompany them for life." Mei Zhigang said that through more than 20 days of continuous monitoring, no single Yangtze finless porpoise was found in this water area where the Yangtze finless porpoise was active, and no dead Yangtze finless porpoise was found. Therefore, it can be judged that the two Yangtze finless porpoises released from the wild have probably been integrated into the natural population of Yangtze finless porpoises. Next, the team will expand the scope and intensity of scientific research, continue to monitor the safety and adaptability of finless porpoises, and accordingly carry out research on wild release, form technical specifications for wild release of Yangtze finless porpoises, and accumulate experience for standardized and normalized wild release in the future.

The Yangtze finless porpoise is a unique flagship species in the Yangtze River basin, and it is also a "barometer" of the health status of the Yangtze River. In 1992, the State Council approved the establishment of the first domestic ex-situ conservation area for cetaceans in the old course of the Yangtze River in Swan Island, Shishou, Hubei. For more than 30 years, China has actively promoted the ex-situ conservation of Yangtze finless porpoise. At present, there are about 160 ex-situ populations, and about 15 are born every year.

At the meeting, I finless porpoise-"Digital Finless Porpoise" online protection center was officially launched. The person in charge of Wuhan Cloud said that under the guidance of government departments, the basic information platform of "digital finless porpoise" with I finless porpoise program as the core will be continuously improved, and the role of technical co-ordination will be brought into play to realize data and information sharing, and digital technology will be comprehensively promoted to empower the Yangtze finless porpoise protection and ecological civilization construction.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Recently, the Sixth Inspection Team of the Sixth General Inspection of the State Council carried out inspection work in Anhui. Among them, the enterprises run by the affiliated institutions of Bengbu Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security have long-term illegal charges, which attracted the attention of the inspection team.

　　　　　　 The inspection team first came to Bengbu Branch of Zhongguang Cable Information Network Co., Ltd. for investigation and evidence collection. According to the company’s managers, the personnel files of 53 employees in this enterprise are all stored in Bengbu Labor and Social Security Service Center.

　　　　　　 Financial manager of Bengbu Branch of Zhongguang Cable Information Network Co., Ltd.: "The payment notice up to now has been copied, followed by the invoice. The billing date is December 17, 2018, and the file custody fee is 6340. "

　　　　　　 The invoice shows that in 2018, the service center charged the enterprise a "file custody fee" of 6,340 yuan. However, according to the Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and other five departments on Further Strengthening the Management Service of Personnel Files of Floating Population issued in 2014, "from January 1, 2015, the fees for personnel relations and file storage fees, inspection fees, certification fees and file transfer fees will be cancelled. Public employment and talent service institutions at all levels should provide free basic public services for personnel files of floating personnel. All localities should incorporate relevant funds into the fiscal budget at the same level. "

　　　　　　 Luo Tao, a member of the Sixth Inspection Team of the Sixth Grand Inspector of the State Council, said: "According to the documents issued by the five ministries and commissions, from the date of cancellation, the file management service fees, including file storage fees, should be stopped and no longer collected."

　　　　　　 The inspection team immediately came to Bengbu Labor and Social Security Service Center. After collecting financial accounts, bills and other materials, the inspection team obtained evidence of the object and amount of the "file custody fee" and found that from 2016 to now, this service center has also charged the file custody fee not only for enterprises, but also for individuals.

　　　　　　 Yang Dongmei, a financial officer of Bengbu Labor and Social Security Service Center, said: "I manage (enterprise) files, so that expense is accounted for in this piece. This file custody fee is personal. "

　　　　　　 Since 2015, Bengbu Labor and Social Security Service Center has still issued payment notices to a number of enterprises and charged "file custody fees". Then, why can this service center collect the fees that have been cancelled by the central government for a long time, but it has not been stopped by the local social department? The inspection team found that part of the enterprise income of the service center has been turned over to Bengbu finance. This means that its superior competent department, Bengbu Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, has always known about this and has not stopped it.

　　　　　　 Lin Guoli, director of Bengbu Human Resources and Social Security Bureau: "Our understanding of the policy is biased. However, we actively rectified and seriously rectified. "

　　　　　　 Meng Fanjun, director of Bengbu Unemployment Insurance and Employment Management Service Center: "There should be no problem in dereliction of duty and oversight. We were negligent in our duties. Yes If you don’t neglect your duties, this problem should not arise. "

　　　　　　 Luo Tao, a member of the Sixth Inspection Team of the Sixth General Inspection of the State Council, said: "The abolition of archives management service fees is an important policy measure and a benefit measure introduced by the CPC Central Committee the State Council to reduce taxes and fees, serve talents and promote employment. Judging from the findings of today’s inspection, individual localities and units have not proceeded from the overall situation and publicized, implemented and implemented this policy. "

usepigskinThe cornea can restore the vision of visually impaired patients.

really？ ? ?

Yes, this study was recently published in Nature Biotechnology, a sub-journal of Nature, and a pilot study has been carried out, which has restored the vision of 20 patients without adverse reactions.

In the world, there are as many as 12.7 million people who are sick or even blind because of corneal damage. At present, the most common method is to transplant corneas donated by human beings, but only one in every 70 patients can get a corneal transplant.

Moreover, patients who need corneal transplantation often gather in low-income and middle-income countries or regions, and the opportunities for treatment are very limited.

At this time, the pig came, and the pig came with its powerful effect.

However, when it comes to pigskin, few people associate it with cornea. How are they related?

Using collagen molecules from pigskin

One of the main components of cornea is collagen. By extracting collagen molecules from pigskin, researchers developed a collagen-based corneal matrix substitute: Bioengineered Porcine Construction (Double Crosslinked for short: BPCDX).

How exactly is it done?

Firstly, after extracting collagen from pigskin, it was purified and freeze-dried.

Collagen was then dissolved in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature to form a 5% collagen solution.

Next, a new vacuum evaporation technology is used, which can controllably achieve high collagen content (12-18%). In the past, the weight of collagen in human test implants was limited to 10% (the natural human corneal collagen content was 13.6%).

However, pure collagen is a soft material which is easy to degrade. In order to solve this problem, researchers used two chemical crosslinks to finally form a transparent implantable hydrogel, which improved the mechanical strength, degradation resistance and long-term stability of the implant.

But is it reliable to use pigskin to make cornea and treat visually impaired patients?

In this regard, the researchers also conducted a series of clinical trials, and they conducted feasibility studies in India and Iran.

The researchers implanted BPCDX in 20 visually impaired patients to reshape the native corneal stroma without removing existing tissues or using sutures.

During the two-year follow-up, no adverse phenomena were observed.

As can be seen from the table, 14 legally blind people before operation were not judged to be blind after operation. Moreover, all subjects in the two queues were intolerant of contact lenses before operation, but they could tolerate wearing contact lenses for a long time at 24 months after operation.

Judging from the effect of clinical trial, this is not an unreliable technology, but it sounds very complicated. Can ordinary patients afford it?

Low cost, easy storage and minimally invasive.

Mehrdad Rafat, an associate professor of biomedical engineering, said:

We do a lot of research to ensure that this technology is affordable for everyone, not just the rich.

In this technology, pigskin used in extracting collagen is a by-product of food industry, which is easy to obtain and the cost is not very high.

In addition, researchers have developed compatible packaging and sterilization processes, so that bioengineered corneas can be stored for up to two years before use, so that they can be provided to different regions and even rural areas without biological banks or storage tissue preparation facilities.

It is worth mentioning that the cornea made of pigskin does not need to remove the patient’s own tissue when treating visually impaired patients, but instead, it is a small incision through which the implant is inserted into the existing cornea.

And this new surgical method does not need suture, but uses advanced laser surgery to make corneal incision with high precision, and then uses simple surgical instruments to perform it manually when necessary.

It costs less and is minimally invasive, so when will this technology be popularized?

Not yet!

Before using implants in medical care, it is necessary to conduct larger-scale clinical research and obtain market approval from regulatory agencies.

In addition, researchers also want to study whether this technology can be used to treat more eye diseases, and whether implants can be adapted to individuals to obtain greater curative effects.

One More Thing

In fact, in 2016, there was a successful case of bioengineered corneal transplantation in South China. A 14-year-old boy from Jiangxi chose bioengineered membrane transplantation. After a week of treatment, his vision reached 0.1.

However, this operation uses a rarer pig cornea, and this study of Nature is to extract collagen from pig skin to make a corneal substitute. In contrast, the latter has greater application potential.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 11th　

Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on comprehensively promoting the construction of beautiful China

(December 27, 2023)

　　Building a beautiful China is an important goal of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and an important content of realizing the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream. In order to comprehensively promote the construction of beautiful China and accelerate the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, the following opinions are put forward.

　　First, a new era and a new journey have begun to comprehensively promote a new chapter in the construction of beautiful China

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position in its overall work, strengthened the protection of ecological environment in all directions, regions and the whole process, and achieved a major shift from key remediation to systematic governance, from passive response to active action, from participants to leaders in global environmental governance, and from practical exploration to scientific theory guidance. Great strides have been made in the construction of beautiful China.

　　At present, China’s economic and social development has entered a high-quality development stage of accelerating greening and low carbonization. The construction of ecological civilization is still in a critical period of pressure superposition and carrying forward. The structural, root and trend pressures of ecological environmental protection have not been fundamentally alleviated. The endogenous motivation for green transformation of economic and social development is insufficient, and the foundation for stable and good ecological environment quality is still not solid. The degradation trend of some regional ecosystems has not been fundamentally reversed, and the task of building a beautiful China is still arduous. On the new journey, we must put the construction of beautiful China in a prominent position in the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation, maintain the strategic determination to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, unswervingly follow the road of civilized development with production development, affluent life and good ecology, and build a beautiful home with sky blue, green land and clear water.

　　Second, the overall requirements

　　To comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China, we must adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, especially the Supreme Leader’s Ecological Civilization Thought, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, implement the deployment of the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference, and firmly establish and practice the concept of Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Deal with the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection, key tackling and collaborative governance, natural restoration and artificial restoration, external constraints and endogenous power, "double carbon" commitment and independent action, coordinate industrial structure adjustment, pollution control, ecological protection, and respond to climate change, jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening and growth, safeguard national ecological security, do a good job in system of ecological civilization construction, support high-quality development with high-quality ecological environment, and accelerate the formation of people.

　　The main objectives are: by 2027, the development of green and low carbon will be further promoted, the total discharge of major pollutants will be continuously reduced, the quality of ecological environment will be continuously improved, the pattern of land space development and protection will be optimized, the service function of ecosystem will be continuously enhanced, the urban and rural living environment will be significantly improved, the national ecological security will be effectively guaranteed, the ecological environment governance system will be more perfect, and a number of practical models will be formed. The construction of beautiful China has achieved remarkable results. By 2035, a green production and lifestyle will be widely formed, carbon emissions will stabilize and decrease after reaching the peak, the ecological environment will be fundamentally improved, a new pattern of land space development and protection will be fully formed, the stability of ecosystem diversity will be significantly improved, the national ecological security will be more stable, the modernization of ecological environment governance system and governance capacity will be basically realized, and the goal of beautiful China will be basically realized. Looking forward to the middle of this century, the ecological civilization will be improved in an all-round way, the green development mode and lifestyle will be fully formed, the key areas will be deeply decarbonized, the ecological environment will be healthy and beautiful, the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity will be fully modernized, and the beautiful China will be fully built.

　　Anchor the construction goal of beautiful China, adhere to precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and pollution control according to law. According to the new demand of high-quality economic and social development and the people’s new expectations for ecological environment improvement, we will intensify the centralized solution of outstanding ecological environment problems and accelerate the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative to qualitative. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, we made a thorough attack to achieve continuous improvement of the ecological environment. Consolidate and expand in the Tenth Five-Year Plan to achieve an overall improvement of the ecological environment; The overall improvement of the "Sixteenth Five-Year Plan" will achieve a fundamental improvement in the ecological environment. We must persist in:

　　— — All-field transformation. Vigorously promote green and low-carbon economic and social development, accelerate green and low-carbon transformation in energy, industry, transportation, urban and rural construction, agriculture and other fields, strengthen green scientific and technological innovation, and enhance the endogenous power and innovation vitality of beautiful China construction.

　　— — All-round promotion. Adhere to the overall planning of factors and the integration of urban and rural areas, carry out the construction of "Beautiful Series" as a whole, focus on promoting the construction of beautiful blue sky, beautiful rivers and lakes, beautiful bays and beautiful mountains and rivers, create a beautiful China pioneer area, this beautiful city and beautiful countryside, and draw a beautiful new picture of China.

　　— — All-regional construction. According to local conditions, we will promote the global coverage of the construction of beautiful China step by step, show the magnificent scenery in the western part of Damei, the vast scenery in the northeast, the beautiful mountains and rivers in the central part and the beautiful charm in the harmonious east, and create a unique and colorful beautiful China construction plate.

　　— — Action of the whole society. Turn the construction of beautiful China into the behavior consciousness of all people, and encourage grass-roots units such as parks, enterprises, communities and schools to carry out green, clean and zero-carbon leading actions, so as to form a good social atmosphere for everyone to participate and share.

　　Third, accelerate the green transformation of development mode

　　(1) Optimize the pattern of land space development and protection. Improve the system of main functional areas, improve the system of land spatial planning, and optimize the spatial layout of agriculture, ecology, cities and towns as a whole. Adhere to the red line of ecological protection, strengthen law enforcement supervision and protection and restoration, so that the red line area of ecological protection in the country will remain above 3.15 million square kilometers. Resolutely hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land to ensure that the cultivated land that can be used stably for a long time will not be reduced. Strictly control the boundaries of urban development and promote the intensive green development of urban space. Strictly control the shoreline space of rivers and lakes. Strengthen the control of marine and coastal land space, establish an exit mechanism for inefficient sea use, and no new reclamation will be added except for major national projects. Improve the ecological environment zoning control system covering the whole area, in order to develop "clear the bottom line" and "draw the border". By 2035, the retention rate of natural coastline on the mainland will not be less than 35%, and the ecological function and nature of the red line of ecological protection will not be reduced.

　　(2) Actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Peak carbon dioxide emissions Action will be implemented in a planned and step-by-step manner, so as to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and lay the foundation for carbon neutrality by 2060. Insist on establishing first and then breaking, accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and ensure energy security. Focus on controlling the consumption of fossil energy such as coal, strengthen the clean and efficient utilization of coal, vigorously develop non-fossil energy, and accelerate the construction of new power systems. We will carry out multi-field and multi-level collaborative innovation pilot projects to reduce pollution and carbon. Promote the dual control of energy consumption to gradually shift to the dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity, and strengthen the basic capacity and system construction of dual control of carbon emissions. Prepare the national greenhouse gas inventory year by year. Implement the methane emission control action plan, and study and formulate other non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emission control action plans. Further develop the national carbon market, steadily expand the industry coverage, enrich the trading varieties and methods, and build and improve the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. By 2035, the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption will further increase, and a more effective, dynamic and internationally influential carbon market will be built.

　　(3) Make overall plans to promote green and low-carbon development in key areas. Promote the deep integration of digital and intelligent industries with greening, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy, and vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, green environmental protection industries and modern service industries. Strictly control the access barrier and resolutely curb the blind launch of projects with high energy consumption, high emissions and low level. Vigorously promote the upgrading of traditional industries’ processes, technologies and equipment, realize green and low-carbon transformation, and implement the cleaner production level improvement project. Accelerate the energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation of existing buildings and municipal infrastructure, and promote the large-scale development of ultra-low energy consumption and low-carbon buildings. Vigorously promote "revolving iron" and "revolving water", speed up the construction of special railway lines, and improve the level of clean transportation of bulk goods. We will promote the green transformation of railway stations, civil airports, ports and docks, logistics parks and other railway electrification transformation, and promote the large-scale application of ultra-low and near-zero emission vehicles and the clean and low-carbon application of off-road mobile machinery. By 2027, the proportion of new energy vehicles among new vehicles will strive to reach 45%, the old diesel locomotives will be basically eliminated, and the port container hot metal combined transport volume will maintain rapid growth; By 2035, the railway freight turnover will account for about 25% of the total turnover.

　　(4) Promoting the economical and intensive utilization of various resources. Implement a comprehensive saving strategy to promote energy saving, water saving, land saving, material saving and mine saving. We will continue to deepen energy conservation in key areas and strengthen energy management in new infrastructure. In-depth implementation of the national water-saving action, strengthen the dual control of total water consumption and intensity, improve the water efficiency of key water-using industries and products, actively promote the utilization of sewage resources, and strengthen the allocation and utilization of unconventional water sources. Improve the system of economical and intensive land use, and popularize land-saving technologies and models. Establish green manufacturing system and service system. Carry out comprehensive utilization of resources to improve quality and efficiency. Accelerate the construction of waste recycling system, and promote the recycling of waste fan blades, photovoltaic modules, power batteries, express packaging and other wastes. Promote the conservation of raw materials and recycling of resources, and vigorously develop the remanufacturing industry. Comprehensively promote the construction of green mines. By 2035, the utilization efficiency of energy and water resources will reach the international advanced level.

　　Fourth, continue to deepen the fight against pollution.

　　(5) continue to fight the blue sky defense war in depth. Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, Fenwei Plain and other key areas as the main battlefield, and taking the control of fine particles as the main line, we will vigorously promote the coordinated emission reduction of multiple pollutants. Strengthen the comprehensive management of volatile organic compounds and implement the source substitution project. High-quality promotion of ultra-low emission transformation of key industries such as steel, cement and coking and coal-fired boilers. Take measures such as clean energy and central heating substitution according to local conditions, and continue to promote pollution control of loose coal, coal-fired boilers and industrial furnaces. Continuous implementation of total coal consumption control in key areas. Study and formulate motor vehicle emission standards in the next stage, carry out research on oil quality standards in the new stage, and strengthen joint supervision and law enforcement by departments. Strengthen regional joint defense and control, and deepen the performance grading of key industries in heavily polluted weather. Continue to implement noise pollution prevention and control actions. Efforts will be made to solve pollution problems such as stench and catering fumes. Strengthen environmental management of ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbons. By 2027, the national average concentration of fine particles will drop below 28 μ g/m3, and cities at and above the local level will strive to meet the standards; By 2035, the concentration of fine particles in China will drop below 25 μ g/m3, and the air will always be fresh and the blue sky will always be there.

　　(6) Continue to fight the battle for clear water. Coordinate the management of water resources, water environment and water ecology, further promote the protection and management of major rivers and lakes such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and optimize and adjust the water function zoning and management system. Solidly promote the standardized construction of water sources and the construction of standby water sources. Basically complete the investigation and rectification of sewage outlets entering the river and the sea, and comprehensively build a monitoring and supervision system for sewage outlets. Implement performance classification of sewage treatment and discharge level of enterprises in key industries. We will speed up the completion of the shortcomings of urban sewage collection and treatment facilities, build a model area with full coverage of urban sewage pipe network, strengthen the harmless treatment and resource utilization of sludge, and build a green and low-carbon benchmark factory for sewage treatment. Carry out endogenous pollution control and ecological restoration according to local conditions, basically eliminate black and odorous water bodies in urban and rural areas and form a long-term mechanism. Establish a water ecological assessment mechanism, strengthen the protection and restoration of water conservation areas and ecological buffer zones, strengthen the unified dispatch of water resources, and ensure the ecological flow of rivers and lakes. Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, river and sea linkage, and continue to promote comprehensive management of key sea areas. Taking the bay as the basic unit, "one bay and one policy" will jointly promote pollution prevention and control in coastal waters, ecological protection and restoration, and coastal environment improvement, and continuously improve the quality and stability of important marine ecosystems such as mangroves. Strengthen the improvement of mariculture environment. Actively respond to ecological disasters such as cyanobacteria blooms and red tides. Promote the cleaning of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and the treatment of marine garbage. By 2027, the excellent proportion of surface water quality and coastal water quality in China will reach about 90% and 83% respectively, and the completion rate of beautiful rivers, lakes and beautiful bays will reach about 40%;By 2035, beautiful rivers and lakes and beautiful bays with "harmony between people and water" will be basically completed.

　　(7) Continue to fight the battle for the pure land. Carry out prevention and control actions at the source of soil pollution, prevent new pollution, and gradually solve the serious pollution problem of soil and groundwater accumulated for a long time. Strengthen the protection of priority protected cultivated land, solidly promote the safe use and risk control of contaminated cultivated land, and promote the traceability and remediation of heavy metal pollution in agricultural land by stages. Strengthen the joint supervision of the change of construction land use and the risk management and control of contaminated plots in accordance with the law, and promote the risk management and control and restoration of large-scale contaminated sites. Comprehensive monitoring of soil and groundwater environment around key soil pollution supervision units will be carried out, and the second national soil pollution survey will be carried out in due course. Carry out national investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution, strengthen environmental protection of groundwater drinking water sources, and strictly control environmental risks in key areas for groundwater pollution prevention and control. Deepen the fight against pollution in agriculture and rural areas. By 2027, the safe utilization rate of polluted farmland will reach over 94%, and the safe utilization of construction land will be effectively guaranteed; By 2035, the proportion of Class I-IV water in the state-controlled points of groundwater will reach over 80%, and the soil environmental risks will be fully controlled.

　　(eight) to strengthen the management of solid waste and new pollutants. Accelerate the construction of a "waste-free city", continue to promote the action of controlling new pollutants, and promote the realization of "waste-free" and environmental health in urban and rural areas. Strengthen the comprehensive management of solid waste, limit excessive packaging of commodities, and control plastic pollution through the whole chain. We will deepen the comprehensive ban on the entry of "foreign garbage" and strictly guard against the smuggling and disguised import of various forms of solid waste. Strengthen the supervision, utilization and disposal capacity of hazardous wastes, and strengthen the pollution control of tailings ponds with emphasis on the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin. Formulate regulations on environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals. By 2027, the proportion of "waste-free cities" will reach 60%, and the intensity of solid waste production will drop significantly; By 2035, the construction of a "waste-free city" will achieve full coverage, and the eastern provinces will take the lead in building a "waste-free city" in the whole region, and the environmental risks of new pollutants will be effectively controlled.

　　V. Enhancing the stability and sustainability of ecosystem diversity

　　(9) Build a strong natural ecological barrier. Stabilize the national ecological security barrier and promote the protection and construction of national key ecological function area and important ecological corridors. Comprehensively promote the construction of nature reserves system with national parks as the main body, and complete the integration and optimization of nature reserves throughout the country. Implement the national natural ecological resources monitoring, evaluation and early warning project. Strengthen the construction of ecological protection and restoration supervision system and strengthen unified supervision. Strictly supervise the owners, developers and even supervisors, discover and investigate all kinds of ecological damage events in time, and resolutely put an end to formalism in ecological restoration. Strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of ecological conditions and carry out the effectiveness evaluation of ecological protection and restoration. We will continue to strengthen the supervision of the "Green Shield" nature reserve and establish a supervision mechanism for the ecological damage of the red line of ecological protection. By 2035, the national park system will be basically completed, the ecosystem pattern will be more stable, and the beautiful mountains and rivers will be full of vitality.

　　(ten) the implementation of landscape, forest, field, lake, grass and sand integrated protection and systematic management. Accelerate the implementation of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, and promote grassland forests, rivers, lakes and wetlands to recuperate. Continue to implement the integrated protection and restoration project of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. Scientifically carry out large-scale land greening operations, increase the protection and restoration of grasslands and wetlands, strengthen the comprehensive management of desertification, rocky desertification and soil erosion, fully implement sustainable forest management, and strengthen fire prevention and extinguishing in forests and grasslands. Focus on the sand sources and transmission routes that affect key areas such as Beijing, continue to promote the construction of the "Three North" project and the control of sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin, and make every effort to fight the three landmark battles. Promote the consolidation and improvement of the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem. By 2035, the national forest coverage rate will increase to 26%, the soil and water conservation rate will increase to 75%, and the ecosystem will basically achieve a virtuous circle.

　　(eleven) to strengthen the protection of biodiversity. Strengthen the overall coordination role of the coordination mechanism for biodiversity conservation, implement the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework", update the biodiversity conservation strategy and action plan of China, and implement major biodiversity conservation projects. Improve the national biodiversity protection network, comprehensively protect wild animals and plants, and gradually establish a national botanical garden system. We will further promote the rescue of rare and endangered species in the Yangtze River and continue to implement the ten-year fishing ban measures in the Yangtze River. Fully implement the system of closed fishing in summer and build a modern marine pasture. By 2035, the land area of national nature reserves will account for no less than 18% of the land area, and typical ecosystems, national key protected wildlife and their habitats will be fully protected.

　　Sixth, keep the beautiful China construction safety bottom line.

　　(12) Improve the national ecological security system. Implement the overall national security concept, improve the coordination mechanism of national ecological security work, strengthen cooperation with economic security, resource security and other fields, improve the national ecological security legal system, strategic system, policy system and response management system, enhance the national ecological security risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, emergency response and disposal capabilities, and form a global linkage, three-dimensional and efficient national ecological security protection system.

　　(thirteen) to ensure nuclear and radiation safety. Strengthen the overall role of the national nuclear safety coordination mechanism, build a strict nuclear safety responsibility system, comprehensively improve the nuclear safety supervision ability, build a modern nuclear safety supervision system that is suitable for the development of China’s nuclear industry, and promote the high-quality development of nuclear safety. Strengthen the safety management of the first and new reactors, regularly carry out safety evaluation of operating facilities and continuously implement improvement, speed up the decommissioning of old facilities and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste left over from history, and strengthen the safety management of nuclear technology utilization and electromagnetic radiation environment management. Strengthen the monitoring and research of marine radiation environment in the sea areas under our jurisdiction, and improve the risk early warning and monitoring and emergency response capabilities. Adhere to independent innovation and safe development, and strengthen key and basic scientific and technological research and development and intelligent safety management in the field of nuclear safety.

　　(fourteen) to strengthen the management of biological safety. Strengthen the environmental risk detection, identification, evaluation and monitoring of biotechnology and its products. Strengthen the whole chain prevention and control and system governance, and improve the biosafety supervision and early warning prevention and control system. Strengthen pest control. Carry out general survey, monitoring, early warning and impact assessment of alien invasive species, and strengthen quarantine of imported animals and plants and prevention and control of alien invasive species. Improve the protection and utilization system of germplasm resources and strengthen the protection and management of biological genetic resources.

　　(fifteen) to effectively deal with the adverse effects and risks of climate change. Adhere to both mitigation and adaptation, and vigorously enhance the ability to adapt to climate change. Strengthen the construction of climate change observation network, and strengthen monitoring, forecasting and early warning and impact risk assessment. Continue to improve the climate resilience in agriculture, health and public health, and strengthen the climate risk management of infrastructure and major projects. Deepen the construction of climate-adapted cities, promote the construction of sponge cities, and strengthen regional actions to adapt to climate change. By 2035, a climate-adaptive society will be basically completed.

　　(sixteen) strict prevention and control of environmental risks. Adhere to prevention and strengthen the normalization management of environmental risks. Improve the national environmental emergency system and mechanism, improve the environmental emergency responsibility system with hierarchical responsibility, territorial priority and departmental coordination, and improve the upstream and downstream and cross-regional emergency linkage mechanism. Strengthen the investigation and risk prevention and control of environmental hazards in key areas such as hazardous wastes, tailings ponds and heavy metals, as well as jurisdictional sea areas and border areas. We will implement a number of environmental emergency basic capacity-building projects, establish and improve the emergency response system and emergency material reserve system, improve the information level of environmental emergency command, and properly and scientifically handle various environmental emergencies in a timely manner. Improve the environmental health monitoring, investigation and risk assessment system.

　　Seven, to create a beautiful China construction demonstration model.

　　(seventeen) the construction of beautiful China pioneer area. Focus on regional coordinated development strategies and major regional strategies, strengthen green development cooperation, and create a green development highland. Improve the coordinated protection mechanism of ecological environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, accelerate the construction of demonstration areas for ecological environment restoration and improvement, and promote xiong’an new area to build a model of green development city. In the in-depth implementation of the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, we insist on joint protection and build a green development demonstration belt with harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Deepen the connection of rules and mechanisms in the field of ecological environment in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and build a world-class Meiliwan District. Deepen the innovation of joint insurance, joint governance and integration system in the Yangtze River Delta region and build a beautiful Yangtze River Delta at a high level. Adhere to water to determine the city, land, people and production, and build a pioneering area for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Deepen the construction of the national ecological civilization experimental zone. Based on the regional functional orientation, each region gives full play to its own characteristics and writes a provincial chapter on the construction of beautiful China.

　　(eighteen) the construction of this beautiful city. Adhere to the people’s city, the people’s city for the people, and promote the construction of this beautiful city with green and low carbon, beautiful environment, ecological livability, safety, health, wisdom and efficiency. Improve the level of urban planning, construction and governance, implement urban renewal actions, and strengthen inter-city and urban-rural ecological protection and environmental governance. Accelerate the transformation of the development mode of megacities, improve the efficiency of ecological environment management in large and medium-sized cities, promote the upgrading and capacity expansion of environmental infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities and counties, and promote the ability of environmental public services to adapt to the population and economic scale. Carry out urban ecological environment governance assessment.

　　(nineteen) the construction of beautiful countryside. Promote the experience of Zhejiang’s "Ten Million Projects" according to local conditions, and make overall plans to promote rural ecological revitalization and rural human settlements improvement. Accelerate the integration, innovation, popularization and application of agricultural input reduction and efficiency enhancement technology, strengthen the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and the classified disposal of waste agricultural films, and focus on areas with prominent agricultural non-point source pollution to strengthen system management. Solidly promote the rural toilet revolution and effectively control rural domestic sewage, garbage and black and odorous water bodies. Establish a rural ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system. Scientifically promote rural greening and beautification, and strengthen the protection and utilization of traditional villages and the guidance of rural features. By 2027, the proportion of completed counties in beautiful countryside will reach 40%; By 2035, beautiful countryside will be basically completed.

　　(twenty) to carry out innovation demonstration. Classified policies to promote the construction of this beautiful city, the implementation of beautiful countryside demonstration county construction action, continue to promote beautiful rivers and lakes, beautiful bay excellent cases. Promote the integration of beautiful China construction into grassroots governance innovation. Further promote the demonstration construction of ecological civilization and promote the construction of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" practice and innovation base. Encourage green innovation in the Pilot Free Trade Zone. Support practical innovations such as planning policies for the construction of beautiful China.

　　Eight, to carry out the beautiful China to build a national action.

　　(twenty-one) to cultivate and promote ecological culture. Improve the ecological culture system based on ecological values, cultivate the mainstream values of ecological civilization, and accelerate the formation of ecological consciousness of the whole people. Excavate Chinese excellent traditional ecological culture thoughts and resources, and launch a number of excellent ecological literature masterpieces to promote the prosperity and development of ecological culture. Make full use of museums, exhibition halls and science and education halls to publicize the vivid practice of building beautiful China.

　　(twenty-two) to practice a green and low-carbon lifestyle. Advocate a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyle and consumption pattern. Develop green tourism. Continue to promote the "CD Action" and resolutely stop food and beverage waste. Encourage green travel, promote the construction of urban greenway network, and thoroughly implement the priority development strategy of urban public transport. Carry out the patriotic health campaign in depth. Improve the level of waste classification management and promote the full coverage of waste classification in urban residential areas at prefecture level and above. Establish a standard, certification and labeling system for green and low-carbon products, and explore the establishment of public participation mechanisms such as "carbon inclusiveness".

　　(twenty-three) to establish a multi-participation action system. Continue to carry out the "Beautiful China, I am an actor" series of activities. Give full play to the bridge role of trade associations, chambers of commerce and mass organizations’ extensive mobilization role, improve the public ecological environment supervision and reporting feedback mechanism, and promote the construction of ecological environment volunteer service system. Deepen the opening of environmental protection facilities and provide publicity and education services for ecological civilization to the public.

　　Nine, improve the beautiful China construction guarantee system.

　　(twenty-four) reform and improve the system and mechanism. Deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system and promote system integration and mechanism innovation as a whole. Strengthen the protection of the rule of law in the construction of beautiful China, promote the formulation and revision of relevant laws in the fields of ecological environment, resources and energy, promote the compilation of ecological environment codes, improve public interest litigation, strengthen judicial protection in the field of ecological environment, and make overall plans to promote compensation for ecological environment damage. Strengthen the coordination and cooperation between administrative law enforcement and judicature, and strengthen the convergence and cooperation in information notification, situation consultation, evidence collection, dispute resolution and ecological restoration. Build a big pattern of protection and governance from the top of the mountain to the ocean, and implement the strictest ecological environment governance system. Improve the source prevention management system of environmental impact assessment, fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system, and accelerate the construction of environmental credit supervision system. Deepen the reform of the legal disclosure system of environmental information and explore the evaluation of environmental, social and corporate governance. Improve the management system of natural resources assets and improve the control system of land and space use. Strengthen the system of river and lake length and forest length. We will further promote the audit of leading cadres’ natural resources assets. Those who make blind decisions regardless of the ecological environment and cause serious consequences will be strictly accountable and lifelong accountable according to the rules and regulations. Strengthen the national natural resources inspector. Give full play to the functions of the ecological environment department and strengthen the overall coordination, supervision and management of ecology and environment. Deepen the reform of the vertical management system for monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of eco-environmental institutions below the provincial level. Implement the professional training project of ecological environment team in cities and counties. Accelerate the formulation and revision of standards and norms in key areas of the construction of beautiful China, carry out environmental benchmark research, and revise standards such as ambient air quality in a timely manner.Encourage the introduction of local regulations and standards.

　　(twenty-five) to strengthen the incentive policy. We will improve the market-oriented allocation system of resources and environmental factors, and include carbon emission rights, energy use rights, water use rights, and emission rights in the total plate of market-oriented allocation reform of factors. Strengthen tax policy support, strictly implement the environmental protection tax law, improve the collection system, and accelerate the inclusion of volatile organic compounds in the collection scope. Strengthen the application of cleaner production audit and evaluation certification results. Comprehensively consider the energy consumption and environmental performance level of enterprises, and improve the ladder electricity price system of high-energy-consuming industries. Implement the sewage treatment charging policy, and build a charging mechanism that covers the cost of sewage treatment and sludge disposal and is reasonable and profitable. Improve the economic incentive policy oriented to the green development of agriculture, support the reduction and increase of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and promote the collection, treatment and utilization of livestock manure in the whole county. Establish a system for extracting and using the eco-environmental protection expenses of enterprises. Improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, and promote the innovation of eco-environment-oriented development model and investment and financing model. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation and deepen the construction of compensation mechanism for horizontal ecological protection. Strengthen financial support for the construction of beautiful China, optimize the allocation of financial resources in the field of ecological civilization construction, and ensure that the investment scale matches the construction task. Vigorously develop green finance, support qualified enterprises to issue green bonds, guide various financial institutions and social capital to increase investment, explore financial support models for regional environmental protection construction projects, steadily promote climate investment and financing innovation, and provide financing support for the construction of beautiful China.

　　(twenty-six) to strengthen scientific and technological support. Promote the self-reliance of green and low-carbon science and technology, innovate the system and mechanism of ecological environment science and technology, and build a market-oriented green technology innovation system. Pollution reduction and carbon reduction, coordinated emission reduction of multiple pollutants, climate change response, biodiversity protection, new pollutant control and nuclear safety are regarded as key areas of national basic research and scientific and technological innovation, and key core technologies are strengthened. Strengthen the deep integration of Industry-University-Research led by enterprises, guide enterprises, universities and scientific research units to build a number of green and low-carbon industrial innovation centers, and increase the supply of efficient green environmental protection technology and equipment products. We will carry out major actions of scientific and technological innovation in ecological environment, promote the major project of "Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Comprehensive Environmental Management", and build innovative platforms such as scientific apparatus and key laboratories, engineering technology centers and scientific observation and research stations in the field of ecological environment. Strengthen the construction of think tanks in the field of ecological civilization. Support universities and scientific research units to strengthen the construction of environmental disciplines. Implement high-level eco-environmental science and technology talent project and cultivate a high-level eco-environmental talent team.

　　(27) Accelerate digital empowerment. Deepen the application of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, build a beautiful digital governance system in China, and build a green and intelligent digital ecological civilization. Implement the ecological environment informatization project and strengthen the integration and sharing of data resources and comprehensive development and utilization. Accelerate the establishment of a modern ecological environment monitoring system, improve the integrated monitoring network of the sky, the earth and the sea, strengthen the supervision and monitoring of ecological quality, and promote the research and development of ecological environment satellite loads. Strengthen the monitoring capacity building of greenhouse gases, groundwater, new pollutants, noise, ocean, radiation, rural environment, etc., and achieve full coverage of coordinated monitoring of carbon reduction, pollution reduction and greening. Improve the level of ecological environment quality prediction. Implement national environmental law-abiding actions, implement classified law enforcement supervision of pollutant discharge units, vigorously implement off-site law enforcement, and accelerate the formation of a smart law enforcement system.

　　(twenty-eight) the implementation of major projects. Accelerate the implementation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction collaborative projects, support low-carbon energy structure, clean mobile sources, green key industries, and circular transformation of industrial parks. Accelerate the implementation of environmental quality improvement projects, support pollution reduction in key areas, comprehensive management of important rivers, lakes and bays, prevention and control of soil pollution sources, prevention and control of environmental risks of hazardous wastes, and treatment of new pollutants. Accelerate the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects, support biodiversity protection, sand prevention and control in key areas, and comprehensive prevention and control of soil erosion. Accelerate the implementation of modern ecological environment infrastructure construction projects, support urban and rural and park environmental facilities, ecological environment wisdom perception and monitoring law enforcement emergency, nuclear and radiation safety supervision, etc.

　　(twenty-nine) to seek common ground for the construction of global ecological civilization. Adhere to the concept of community of human destiny and build a clean and beautiful world together. Adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, win-win global environmental climate governance system. Deepen international cooperation in climate change, biodiversity protection, marine pollution control and nuclear safety. Continue to promote the green development of the "Belt and Road".

　　X. Strengthening the overall leadership of the Party

　　(30) Strengthen organizational leadership. Adhere to and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of beautiful China, and improve the working mechanism of overall planning by the central government, overall responsibility by the province and implementation by cities and counties. Give full play to the overall coordination, guidance and supervision role of the central leading group for ecological environmental protection supervision, improve the working mechanism, and strengthen organization and implementation. To study and formulate regulations on the supervision of ecological environmental protection. Further promote the central eco-environmental protection inspectors, focusing on the construction of beautiful China. Continue to shoot and make eco-environmental warning films. Formulate the responsibility system for ecological environment protection of local party and government leading cadres, and establish a comprehensive responsibility system with consistent powers and responsibilities, clear rewards and punishments, and interlocking. All localities and departments should take the construction of beautiful China as a major task that has a bearing on the overall situation, implement the principle of "Party and government sharing responsibilities, one post and two responsibilities", and study and solve major problems in time. People’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees have strengthened the legislative work of ecological civilization construction and the supervision of law enforcement. CPPCC at all levels intensified special consultation and democratic supervision on ecological civilization construction. The annual work of promoting the construction of beautiful China by relevant departments in various regions shall be sent to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in writing, which shall report to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council after being summarized.

　　(31) Compaction responsibility. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with the National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments, will formulate action plans in different fields, establish a work coordination mechanism, accelerate the formation of a beautiful China construction implementation system and promote the implementation mechanism, promote the project, inventory and accountability of tasks, and strengthen overall coordination, dispatch evaluation and supervision and management. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen the political responsibility of ecological environmental protection, implement policies in different categories, manage in different regions, and build in a refined way. Party committees and governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall formulate supporting documents in a timely manner in light of local conditions. All relevant departments should strengthen the convergence of work, grasp the rhythm and intensity, coordinate and promote each other, and strengthen the fiscal, taxation, finance, price and other policy support for major projects in beautiful China.

　　(32) Strengthen publicity and promotion. We will continue to deepen the theoretical research, study and publicity, system innovation, practice promotion and international dissemination of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, and promote the integration of ecological civilization education into the cadre education, party member education and national education system. Strengthen the propaganda of ecological civilization through various forms such as National Ecological Day and Environment Day. Release the White Paper on Beautiful China Construction. In accordance with the relevant provisions in recognition of outstanding achievements and outstanding contributions in the construction of beautiful China advanced units and individuals.

　　(thirty-three) to carry out effectiveness assessment. Carry out monitoring and evaluation of beautiful China, and evaluate the construction process of beautiful China. Study and establish the evaluation index system of the construction effectiveness of beautiful China, formulate the evaluation method of the construction effectiveness of beautiful China, and timely transfer the evaluation of the effectiveness of the tough battle of pollution prevention to the evaluation of the construction effectiveness of beautiful China. The evaluation work is led by the central leading group for the supervision of ecological environmental protection, and the evaluation results serve as an important reference for the comprehensive evaluation, rewards and punishments, appointment and dismissal of leading bodies at all levels and relevant leading cadres.