标签归档 西安品茶网

  • 首页   /  
  • 标签： "西安品茶网"
通过admin
, , , , ,

Ride correctly and enjoy fitness happiness.

In recent years, with the enhancement of public health awareness and the continuous construction and improvement of cycling trails, cycling has become a popular aerobic exercise. The late summer and early autumn is a good time to ride, and mastering the correct and scientific riding methods can better promote physical and mental health.

According to Liu Yulei, deputy director of the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, cycling can improve cardiovascular function, increase the contractility of lung muscles and lung ventilation, prevent brain aging, enhance limb coordination, help relieve psychological stress and anxiety and depression.

Liu Yulei said that the first thing to do is to choose the right car, especially to adjust the height and comfort of the seat. When buying a bicycle, you must choose a suitable bicycle according to your height, weight and body proportion, otherwise you will feel uncomfortable when riding a bicycle, and your movements will be uncoordinated and you will easily fall down. Beginners should first find the frequency that suits them, and then increase the amount of exercise. Ordinary people pedal 60 to 80 times a minute. There should be a 20-minute low-speed warm-up before each ride, and the body can sweat slightly.

Cycling posture is very important. When the cyclist leans forward excessively, in order to observe the road ahead, he must raise his head and lift his neck. This is a compulsive posture, which can cause tension in the neck muscles. The posture of over-flexion of the waist when riding a bicycle will increase the burden of lumbar intervertebral disc, which will increase the risk of lumbar muscle strain and lumbar disc herniation over time. Therefore, cyclists should pay attention to maintaining the correct riding posture, lower the upper body and slightly tilt the head forward; The arms naturally bend, which is convenient for the waist to bend; Reduce the center of gravity of the body to prevent the impact force caused by the car bumping from spreading to the whole body; Hold your hands lightly and forcefully, and sit firmly on the seat with your hips. When riding for a long time, you should pay attention to changing your riding posture and take a proper rest.

Experts suggest that exercise should be gradual, not one-sided pursuit of strength and speed. Some cyclists suddenly ride at high speed and long distance without long-term training, which is very harmful to their health. In severe cases, it may lead to joint effusion, inflammation and even cartilage and meniscus damage. Some special people, such as patients with severe hypertension, high myopia and patients with severe joint diseases of lower limbs, are not suitable for cycling.

In addition, riding may have the risk of trauma and traffic accidents, so you should plan your route before riding, don’t choose bumpy roads, obey traffic rules, and wear a helmet to avoid brain trauma and fractures. (From China Sports Daily, August 23rd, 06 edition)

[Print this page]
[Close window]
通过admin
, , , , ,

Food is the most important thing for the people, and food is the first priority —— Nutritional catering (I)

Original clinical nutrition network

Author: Plain dust-free

Postdoctoral fellow, University of California San Diego Cancer Center. Nutritionist, food safety engineer

Washington University in St Louis, graduate student in public health, pre-medical doctor. Doctor of Public Health from Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, and Delta Omega Doctoral Award, one of the highest honors of American public health graduates. "China Clinical Nutrition Network" signed a dietitian

His main research interests are smoking cessation, alcohol withdrawal and marijuana withdrawal, nutrition and chronic diseases, and cancer prevention and control.

The article was first published in big doctor magazine, and was revised by the author and then pushed again.

China Clinical Nutrition Network has been authorized to reprint

Why do people eat so many kinds of food every day? Because the body needs balanced nutrients! Every food contains different nutrients, so we need to take them from different foods. In the previous fifteen issues, we focused on the analysis of the effects of seven main nutrients on the body, the proportion of the body, the amount needed and the food source. The content of this issue will help us understand how to easily design a nutritional diet based on the scientific criteria of seven nutrients.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

1. Review the main food distribution of 7 nutrients:

1) protein

Beans and bean products (such as soybeans, black beans, tofu, etc.), milk and dairy products (such as milk, goat milk, cheese, etc.), meat (including lean meat and poultry), fish and seafood, eggs, etc. At the same time, some seeds and nuts, such as almonds and walnuts, also contain high protein.

2) Fat

Mainly from oils (such as olive oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, etc.), meat (especially fat), dairy products, fish (such as salmon, tuna and other fish rich in omega -3), nuts and seeds, and some fruits, such as avocado.

3) Carbohydrate (sugar)

Mainly from rice, flour, potatoes, and some starch-rich vegetables (such as corn and pumpkin). Fruits and vegetables also contain sugar, but their sugar is naturally present, and because these foods are rich in fiber, their sugar absorption will be slow.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

4) vitamins

All kinds of vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and animal livers are rich in various vitamins. For example, oranges and strawberries are rich in vitamin C, while beef liver and eggs are rich in vitamin A..

5) Minerals: meat, salt

Meat and fish (such as red meat and shellfish) are rich in iron, dairy products are rich in calcium, bananas and potatoes are rich in potassium, and all kinds of foods contain various minerals.

6) Dietary fiber

Mainly from vegetables, fruits, whole grains (such as oats, whole wheat bread, etc.), beans, nuts and seeds.

7) water

The main source of water is of course water. In addition, fruits and vegetables (such as watermelon and cucumber) also contain a lot of water, and soup and some drinks (such as tea and coffee) can also provide water.

2. General principles of collocation

Nutritional catering, simply put, is to include all the above seven nutrients in the daily diet and mix them reasonably to achieve the effect of balancing nutrition and maintaining health.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Scientifically speaking, it is to design recipes for a day, a week or a month according to the needs of people’s bodies and the contents of various nutrients in food, so that the proportion of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals ingested by people is reasonable, and the purpose of balanced diet is achieved.

1) the food is diverse and reasonably matched.

Food choices should be as diverse as possible, so as to ensure that the body gets all the necessary nutrients. Include protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, etc.

Eat more than 12 kinds of food every day and more than 25 kinds every week on average, and mix them reasonably.

Eat 200-300g of cereal every day, including 50-150g of whole grains and miscellaneous beans and 50-100g of potatoes.

2) Eat more fruits and vegetables, milk, whole grains and soybeans.

There are vegetables in meals. Make sure to eat no less than 300g of fresh vegetables every day, and dark vegetables should account for 1/2.

Eat fruit every day, and ensure that you consume 200-350g of fresh fruit every day. Fruit juice cannot replace fresh fruit.

Eat all kinds of dairy products, and the intake is equivalent to more than 300ml of liquid milk every day.

Always eat whole grains and soy products, and eat nuts in moderation.

Nuts are beneficial and should not be overdosed, with a weekly intake of 50-70g.

3) Eat fish, poultry, eggs and meat in moderation.

Fish, poultry, eggs and meat should be taken in moderation, with an average of 120-200g per day.

It is best to eat twice a week or 300-500g, 300-500g of eggs and 300-500g of livestock and poultry meat.

Eggs are rich in nutrition, and you don’t abandon the yolk when eating eggs.

Eat less deep-processed meat products.

Give priority to fish and eat less fat, smoked and pickled meat products.

Cooking methods, more cooking, less frying.

Eat both soup and meat. Eating only soup without meat can’t make full use of nutrients in food, resulting in a great waste of food resources. In fact, the nutrition of the fleshy part is much higher than that of the soup.

4) Less salt and less oil, sugar control and wine restriction.

Cultivate light eating habits and eat less high-salt and fried foods. Adults should consume no more than 5g of salt and 25-30g of cooking oil every day.

Control the intake of added sugar, not exceeding 50g per day, and preferably below 25g.

Trans fatty acids do not exceed 2g per day.

Children, teenagers, pregnant women, nursing mothers and patients with chronic diseases should not drink alcohol. Adults who drink alcohol should not drink more than 15g a day.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

5) Eat regularly, drink enough water and arrange three meals a day reasonably.

Eat regularly, don’t overeat, don’t be partial to food.

Drink plenty of water, a few times, 1700ml for men and 1500ml for women every day.

Do not drink or drink less sugary drinks, and do not use drinks instead of white water.

3. Tips for food collocation

Each kind of food contains rich varieties, which can be interchanged with each other, avoiding the monotony of food and helping to enrich three meals a day. For example, the staple food can be exchanged between rice, noodles, millet porridge, whole wheat steamed bread and miscellaneous grains rice; Sweet potato and potato exchange; Pork is interchangeable with chicken, duck, beef and mutton; Fish can be exchanged with shrimp, crab, shellfish and other aquatic products; Milk can be interchanged with yogurt, cheese and goat milk.

1) Meat and vegetable collocation: that is, there is meat and vegetables in food.

2) Main and auxiliary collocation: staple food (rice, noodles, etc.) and non-staple food (chicken, duck, fish, fruits, vegetables, etc.) must be available.

3) Miscellaneous collocation: Staple food should pay attention to increasing whole grains and miscellaneous beans. When cooking staple food, rice can be paired with brown rice, miscellaneous grains (oats, millet, buckwheat, corn, etc.) and miscellaneous beans (adzuki beans, mung beans, kidney beans and flower beans). Second, rice, mung bean rice, red bean rice and eight-treasure porridge are all good ways to match the thickness and increase the variety of food.

4) Dry-thin collocation: that is, there are dry foods (such as cooking or rice) and water-rich foods (such as soup or porridge).

5) color matching: that is, the color and depth of food, that is, people’s sensory enjoyment. For example, when frying green beans, put a little carrot and corn in it, the color will look better, which can increase the appetite of children. At the same time, it means eating all kinds of food. Dark vegetables refer to non-white light vegetables such as green, red, yellow, orange and purple.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

4. How to achieve a balanced diet?

Balanced diet refers to the balance between calorie intake and heat consumption, the reasonable percentage of three thermogenic nutrients, and the balance between animal protein and plant protein.

A balanced diet should first meet the human body’s needs for calories. The percentage of the three thermogenic nutrients in the total calories should be: protein 10% ~ 15%, fat 20% ~ 30%, and carbohydrate 60% ~ 65%.

The amount of protein food in a meal should account for about a quarter of the plate.

The content of high-quality protein is more than 1/3.

Omega-3 fatty acids and Omega-6 fatty acids are 1:1.

The intake of saturated fat should be as little as possible (it is recommended to account for less than 10% of the total calories).

The ratio of three meals a day can be 3:4:3, that is, breakfast accounts for 30%, lunch accounts for 40%, and dinner accounts for about 30%. Adults have three meals a day, children and the elderly have three meals plus a snack, which can be between breakfast and lunch, or between lunch and dinner.

Next notice:

5. Weight catering method

6. Energy catering method

7. Match meals according to the food weight conversion reference table.

8. Selection of ingredients for catering for special people

Read the original text

通过admin
, , , , ,

Don’t take it seriously! Professionals tell you what to pay attention to when participating in wading activities.

　　CCTV News:On the afternoon of the 7th, local time, a joint press conference was held by the government of Phuket, the Royal Thai Navy, the regional police station and the public health department of Phuket to inform the latest progress in the rescue of the capsized cruise ship in Phuket. The Thai side said that a total of 8 bodies of the victims were found that day. Up to now, the number of victims has risen to 41, and another 15 people are temporarily unable to verify their whereabouts. At present, 16 tourists from China have been confirmed dead.

　

　　At present, the accident is still being rescued, and the cause of the accident still needs to be investigated. However, it needs to be reminded that in recent years, island tour has become the choice of many tourists, but the ensuing wading safety accidents have risen rapidly, so how can tourists protect their own safety while enjoying the pleasant sea breeze?

　　Pay close attention to the weather and don’t take warning information seriously.

　　In the rainy season on the island, the changeable weather becomes a major cause of accidents. When participating in wading activities, we must pay close attention to the weather and not be lucky about the early warning information.

　

　　Hu Xiao, Meteorological Analyst, Public Meteorological Service Center of China Meteorological Administration: "If you come to tropical waters like Phuket in rainy season and go out to sea, and the weather forecast predicts thunderstorms, it can be said that there are certain risks. There is an obvious change in the weather. The weather is gloomy, the wind suddenly increases, or the tide suddenly changes, all of which tell us that we need to dock for safety, and we must not be lucky. In a word, it is very important to know the climate and weather in advance in this tropical country, and travel safety is the first. "

　　Pay attention to the risk of launching, and wear a life jacket.

　　

　 　 　　

　　When you are at the beach or swimming pool, be sure to walk together. Don’t go into the water alone without the supervision of a safety officer. When physical conditions do not allow, you should avoid wading activities. In case of stormy waves or red warning flags on the beach, you must not go into the water. Some sea areas seem calm, but in fact, the underwater undercurrent is swift and dangerous. In July, 2017, three male tourists from China went swimming in a private beach in Phuket despite the warning of wind and waves, resulting in two of them drowning.

　

　　Wang Yingxi, captain of the cave expert rescue team of Beijing Pinglan Public Welfare Foundation: "Always wear a life jacket when wading in the water to prevent accidents."

　　Diving needs to be carefully guided by professionals.

　

　　Snorkeling and deep diving are dangerous projects, and tourists who are old or suffering from heart disease, high blood pressure and other diseases cannot participate. If you take part in snorkeling projects, visitors must attend the training on the use of snorkeling masks in advance, and then go into the water after they can use them skillfully. Most importantly, you must follow the guidance of professionals when you participate in diving projects.

　　Wang Yingxi, captain of the cave expert rescue team of Beijing Pinglan Public Welfare Foundation"Don’t do actions that are forbidden by tour guides or diving instructors. China tourists are not familiar with the waters here, nor the sea and related dangers here."　

通过admin
, , , , ,

China National Intellectual Property Administration： China has 14.3 invention patents per 10,000 population.

　　China National Intellectual Property Administration released the latest data today (9th), showing that in the first half of 2020, there were 683,000 invention patent applications in China; A total of 217,000 invention patents were authorized. Among them, 176,000 domestic invention patents were authorized. In the domestic invention patent authorization, there are 169,000 service inventions, accounting for 96.0%; There were 7,000 off-duty inventions, accounting for 4.0%.

　　By the end of June 2020, the effective number of invention patents in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) was 1.996 million, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reached 14.3. In the first half of the year, the top three provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China were: Beijing (141.5), Shanghai (56.1) and Jiangsu (31.9).

　　In the first half of the year, a total of 29,500 PCT international patent applications were accepted, up 22.6% year-on-year. Among them, there were 26,800 pieces in China, a year-on-year increase of 20.7%. In the first half of the year, the top three provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in PCT international patent applications were: Guangdong (11,000), Beijing (3,800) and Jiangsu (3,300).

　　In the first half of 2020, the number of trademark applications in China was 4.284 million; The number of registered trademarks was 2.629 million. By the end of June 2020, the number of valid registered trademarks in China was 27.414 million.

　　In the first half of this year, 3,875 applications for international registration of Madrid trademarks were received from China applicants, with a year-on-year increase of 36.0%. By the end of June 2020, the effective number of international registrations of Madrid trademarks of Chinese applicants was 41,000.

　　In the first half of 2020, the national patent and trademark pledge amount was 85.3 billion yuan, up 45% year-on-year, and the number of pledged projects was 4,678, up 52% year-on-year. Among them, the amount of patent pledge was 65.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 61%, and the number of pledged projects was 4171, a year-on-year increase of 54%; The total amount of trademark pledge was 20.2 billion yuan, up 8.8% year-on-year, and the number of pledged projects was 507, up 34% year-on-year.

　　In the first half of 2020, the statistical data mainly showed four characteristics: the overall situation of domestic patent and trademark applications was stable, the status of domestic enterprises as the main body of patent applications was continuously consolidated, the scale of the use of special geographical indications was gradually expanded, and the overseas intellectual property distribution of market players was developing steadily. (CCTV reporter Wang Wei)

通过admin
, , , , ,

Behind the high-speed tragedy of Xiaomi Automobile： In February, it just completed the full-scale push of ＂end-to-end＂ intelligent driving.

K diagram 01810_0

　　Xiaomi SU7 car accident is still continuing to ferment. In addition to focusing on whether the door can’t be opened and the front of the car catches fire, a lot of attention is focused on whether the active safety functions such as emergency braking (AEB) of Xiaomi SU7 are triggered in the accident.

　　On the evening of April 1,The official once again issued a statement that Xiaomi SU7 Standard Edition has two sub-functions of forward anti-collision assistance, including collision warning (FCW) and emergency braking (AEB), which are targeted at vehicles, pedestrians and two-wheelers, and the working speed of AEB function is between 8-135 km/h. This function is similar to that of AEB with the same configuration in the industry. At present, it does not respond to obstacles such as cones, water horses, stones and animals.

　　In short, Xiaomi believes that the current AEB function does not support the identification of roadblocks in accidents, but it does not support the same configuration models in the industry.

　　In this regard, an intelligent driving industry person told reporters that construction roads will generally be marked on high-definition maps, and guiding NOA to divert will remind them to take over. If the intelligent driving system gives a certain weight to the real-time updated HD map, there is a certain probability to avoid the accident.

　　According to official information, the company just completed the full-scale promotion of "Xiaomi End-to-end Full Scene Intelligent Driving (HAD)" in February this year, indicating that "end-to-end user driving data training has been introduced, and on the basis of" no map ",the trajectory is more anthropomorphic, traffic is more efficient and driving is safer", and it is clear that HAD covers highways, urban expressways and so on.

　　The price of "no graph"

　　When discussing the boundary between intelligent driving ability and responsibility, we have to admit that even in the case of artificial driving, Xiaomi SU7 has a certain probability of distress in this German-Shanghai expressway accident.

　　According to Xiaomi’s notification, before the accident, the vehicle was in the state of NOA intelligent assisted driving and continued to drive at a speed of 116 km/h. Due to construction repairs, the road section was closed with roadblocks and diverted to the reverse lane.

　　At present, the official police report has not been made public. However, because the speed is too fast, and Deshang Expressway is located near Jiuhuashan Mountain, and the lighting situation at night is not good, whether the direct cause of the accident is caused by the vehicle hitting the roadblock at the high-speed NOA or the driver’s improper steering+braking after taking over is actually inconclusive (although Xiaomi may be to blame in both cases).

　　So, why can’t high-speed NOA recognize lane changes?

　　A person in the smart driving industry who did not want to be named told the reporter that this may be related to the fact that the smart driving system does not use high-precision maps, or the decision-making weight of maps in the smart driving system is too low.

　　"If the intelligent driving system uses a high-precision map, at least it will prompt the construction ahead, and then NOA’s route planning will be different," the person said, but pointed out that when dealing with the diversion, whether to continue NOA according to the new road or slow down and ask for takeover, each scheme may be different.

　　However, the interviewee also told reporters that road construction is divided into temporary construction and planned construction, and the planned construction will generally be uniformly marked on the road network, prompting the smart driver to change the route. But the temporary construction information is "not necessarily" uploaded.

　　Considering the risk of landslide caused by the geographical location of the German-Shanghai Expressway, the possibility of temporary construction is also great-however, the interviewee revealed to the reporter that according to his understanding, this construction is not temporary construction.

　　The reporter looked up the official subscription number of Xiaomi Automobile and found that at the early stage of Xiaomi SU7′ s release, the company publicized that it adopted the "light map" urban NOA scheme. However, in October last year, Xiaomi announced that it had pushed version 1.40 smart driving in large quantities, and made it clear that the NOA function of the city allowed vehicles to avoid construction.

　　However, on March 19 this year, the subscription number issued a document, saying that in February this year, the end-to-end full-scene intelligent driving function was fully pushed, and it was repeatedly emphasized that the intelligent driving system was "no map".

　　"Xiaomi’s plan is biased, and there is definitely no high-precision map at the bottom. Another system design is problematic." The aforementioned person pointed out to the reporter: "In fact, Cheluyun is a way to achieve automatic driving with the lowest collaborative cost."

　　Of course, car dealers flaunt "no map" not simply to reduce costs. According to the reporter’s understanding, the pure vision scheme will contradict the HD map that is not updated in time to a certain extent. In the choice of reference weight of intelligent driving system, in order to avoid the contradiction of reference data and make decision-making difficult, we will also give up high-precision maps on our own initiative.

　　The boundary of "pure vision"

　　Then, since we chose "no map" and emphasized perception, what about Xiaomi’s perception ability?

　　Back to the Xiaomi accident vehicle, from the sensor configuration point of view, the intelligent driving sensor configuration of the SU7 standard version Pilot Pro is two forward-looking, three upward-looking, four around-looking, a rear-looking camera and a forward millimeter-wave radar (of course, there are 12 ultrasonic radars, but the ultrasonic radar has insufficient performance and almost no weight in high-speed intelligent driving decision), commonly known as "9+1" configuration.

　　And this configuration is almost the same asThe plan is exactly the same. The HW 4.0 system is equipped with four side-looking cameras, three front-looking cameras at the top and a rear-looking camera at the tail, including a forward millimeter-wave radar at the front of the car, which is "7+1" configuration.

　　The intelligent driving decision-making system, which relies almost entirely on the camera, undoubtedly belongs to the so-called "pure vision scheme".

　　So, how reliable is the pure vision scheme? Can you handle unexpected emergencies?

　　Last year, the media conducted an in-depth report.Many casualties caused by opening FSD were exposed and analyzed.

　　In the report, FSD caused many "stupid" accidents, such as directly rushing out of the T-junction and chasing a police car with flashing warning lights. And one of the accidents is a typical warning to the pure vision scheme.

　　In this accident, the driver who started the automatic driving almost ran straight into the truck chassis that rolled over and heeled in three lanes at a medium speed of about 40-50 km/h around 3 am, causing the driver’s death. It is worth noting that, from the video, the rollover truck is huge in scale, close to three meters in height, while the lighting conditions on the road are acceptable, the speed is not fast, and the human eye can quickly capture and respond in time.

　　However, in the face of this simple emergency treatment from the perspective of natural persons, Tesla FSD, which was advertised as surpassing human driving ability, caused an accident.

　　The media quoted automobile engineering experts in colleges and universities as saying that the above-mentioned incidents may have occurred because Tesla could not identify the chassis characteristics of rollover trucks and mistook them for roads or backgrounds, so no emergency treatment was carried out.

　　This also brings a soul torture to the pure visual route: pure visual intelligent driving not only needs to know cars, but also needs to know things, not only pedestrians, pets, or even suddenly dumped goods-more unexpected irregular objects may become the culprit of traffic accidents.

　　Judging from Xiaomi’s reply, AEB system really can’t give feedback on the diversion obstacles such as cones, water horses, stones and animals. However, Xiaomi officially insists that AEB, a "friend", can’t do it either.

　　But the problem is that the standard version of Xiaomi SU7The number of equipment is almost "stingy" compared with that of friends at the same price, and the decision-making also depends entirely on pure visual ability, so it is obviously not convincing to compete with AEB system alone.

　　According to the data of knowing the car emperor, in the same price model, such as the ideal L6 intelligent driving sensing configuration is almost the same as that of Xiaomi SU7-but more include007, Tucki P7,Each configuration version of Han EV and Seal is equipped with at least 5 millimeter-wave radars and 1.; At least three or more millimeter-wave radars are equipped on the models of Wujie M5/M7 and Tucki P7+.

　　In other words, compared with "friends", the security redundancy of Xiaomi SU7 Standard Edition is far from enough.

　　"The training of a qualified driver, in addition to road traffic rules and driving skills training, relies more on the accumulation of intangible life experience to gain the ability to cope with emergencies. This is precisely the gift of life to mankind, and it is alsoAt present, it is far from the realm. We may be able to achieve pure vision in the future, but we should not train intelligence through accident accumulation. "The person from the aforementioned listed company told reporters:" Lei Jun (Xiaomi) may not be washed this time. "

通过admin
, , , , ,

Stop rumors and don’t let your health be ＂slandered＂ by these rumors.

Villagers in Chunquan Village, Wuxia Town, Wushan County, Chongqing see a doctor in the village health center. Xinhua news agency

Image source: Xinhua News Agency

Image source: Xinhua News Agency

Image source: Xinhua News Agency

　　Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, rumors under the banner of science are also emerging one after another. Moreover, many rumors like to start with the health and safety issues that the public cares about, sensationalize and create panic. A few days ago, under the guidance of the Beijing Association for Science and Technology, the Beijing Association of Editors of Science and Technology Journalists and the Beijing website jointly released the platform of dispelling rumors, "stop rumors and seek true knowledge — — Top Ten in 2019 ‘ Science ’ Most of the rumors in the gossip list are related to health. This edition extracts some health rumors and their truth interpretation and routine analysis to set the record straight.

　　Keywords: 5G base station radiation

　　● Gossip:

　　Mobile phone base stations have radiation, and 5G base stations are more than 4G, so 5G radiation will be greater than 4G, which is very harmful to human body.

　　● The truth:

　　Radiation is actually a way of energy transfer. Network speed-up has nothing to do with base station radiation increment. Network speed-up depends not on enhancing the signal transmission power of communication base stations, but on expanding transmission bandwidth, just like widening highways. The same is true for 5G communication base stations. Moreover, the more communication base stations there are, the better the effect of mobile phone calls, and the smaller the electromagnetic radiation generated between mobile phones and base stations.

　　The earth itself is a large magnetic field, and electromagnetic radiation is generated by lightning, thunder and sunspot activity in nature. In life, radio stations, base station antennas, microwave ovens, computers, televisions, hair dryers, radios and other household appliances that are inseparable from people’s lives will also produce electromagnetic radiation. Generally speaking, the radiation of the hair dryer can reach 100 microwatts/cm2, and the radiation of the induction cooker can even reach 580 microwatts/cm2. The wireless router commonly used in the home also generates more than 60 microwatts/cm2 within 1 meter.

　　The electromagnetic radiation of communication base stations should be less than 40 microwatts per square centimeter according to the requirements of national standards. In the actual implementation, the operator should consider the signal superposition, and the project construction should be controlled within 8 microwatts/cm2. Therefore, whether compared with national standards or common household appliances, the radiation of communication base stations is very small and will not cause harm to human body.

　　● Routine:

　　New things, exaggerated.

　　This kind of gossip takes advantage of people’s ignorance of new things and exaggerates them, so that rumors can be widely spread.

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1.PX is teratogenic, carcinogenic and highly toxic, and the explosion is comparable to an atomic bomb.

　　Truth: PX has a long history. It is a widely used low-toxicity chemical product and a raw material for medicine, perfume and ink.

　　2. Eating genetically modified food is childless, and Americans don’t eat it.

　　Truth: The safety evaluation of genetically modified food is much stricter than that of ordinary food, and the genetically modified food approved by the government is safe.

　　Keywords: high-speed rail radiation

　　● Gossip:

　　High-speed rail has had serious radiation problems since its birth, and the greatest harm to people is to destroy the female reproductive system and cause infertility.

　　● The truth:

　　Trains running on high-speed railways in China generally use 25,000 volts and 50 Hz alternating current. Accordingly, the high-voltage power equipment of high-speed rail radiates the electric field and magnetic field in this frequency band, which is "extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation", belonging to non-ionizing radiation and will not affect women’s fertility. The statement that "high-speed rail radiation seriously causes infertility" is purely misleading.

　　Where there is electricity, there is radiation, ordinary trains and subways have radiation, mobile phones and razors have radiation, and sunlight also has radiation. As long as the radiation is within a safe value, it will not affect people. The International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection stipulates that the safety standard of magnetic field radiation generated by high-speed rail is below 100 micro Tesla (magnetic induction intensity unit), and the safety standard of electric field radiation is below 5 kV/m.

　　Professionals of Beijing Railway Department have specially measured the electric field radiation in high-speed rail cars and made the measured data public. The electric field radiation values of first-class cars, second-class cars, car joints, cabs and other positions of different models are distributed in the range of 0.011-0.021 kV/m.. Comparing these data, it is not difficult to find that the electromagnetic radiation of high-speed rail in China is far below international standards, and it is impossible to cause harm to human body.

　　● Routine:

　　Don’t talk about dosage, exaggerate the harm.

　　Alarming and exaggerating threats are the main characteristics of such rumors. Talking about radiation without dose has no practical significance in science. We have similar misunderstandings about many phenomena in life.

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1. Drinking coffee will cause cancer by ingesting acrylamide.

　　Truth: Acrylamide produced by high temperature in the process of making coffee is only potentially dangerous, and the content is very small. A person needs to drink at least 318 cups a day to have cancer risk.

　　2. The X-ray security instrument is harmful to human body.

　　Truth: The radiation of the security detector is far below the safety standard, so there is no need to worry about harm to the body.

　　Keywords: plague

　　● Gossip:

　　The mortality rate of plague is as high as 100%, and there is no cure. If you get infected, you will die!

　　● The truth:

　　Plague, also known as the Black Death, is a severe infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. According to different infection sites and clinical manifestations, plague can be divided into bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, septicemia plague, mild plague and other rare types of plague. Historically, plague did cause large-scale deaths, but it was because people didn’t know enough about the cause, treatment and prevention of plague at that time.

　　Although human beings are generally susceptible to plague, in modern medicine, plague is no longer hopeless. In fact, clinical plague cases can already be treated by standardizing the use of antibiotics. If patients can see a doctor early and get standardized treatment, the cure rate is very high, and suspicious contacts can also avoid getting sick by preventive medication.

　　However, it should be reminded that untreated plague patients have a very high mortality rate, such as the most dangerous pneumonic plague, which can be fatal within 18-24 hours of onset. If septic plague is not treated in time, the mortality rate is almost 100%. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are very important for patients to survive and reduce complications.

　　Gao Fu, academician of China Academy of Sciences and director of China CDC, said that at present, China has basically established a relatively complete prevention and control system. As long as it is scientifically responded, there will be no risk of widespread spread of plague.

　　● Routine:

　　In sensitive times, create panic.

　　Plague has caused heavy casualties in history, so related rumors spread rapidly when two cases of imported plague were found in Beijing. In the event of sudden events such as major epidemics and major disasters, people tend to be very sensitive and panic, and relevant rumors are easy to spread at this time. When dealing with extreme statements, we should develop the habit of questioning more.

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1. Sodium cyanide may cause toxic rain at the explosion site in Tianjin.

　　Truth: Solid sodium cyanide itself is highly toxic and can be dissolved in water, but it has no gaseous form in the conventional environment, so it is impossible to enter the air and spread with the wind, so there is no possibility of mixing with other components in the atmosphere and forming toxic rain by precipitation.

　　Smoking can prevent SARS.

　　Truth: It is recognized that smoking is harmful to health, one of which is to weaken the defense function of human respiratory system and increase the chance of infection. Besides, smoking also increases the contact between hands and nose and increases the chance of infection.

　　Eating iodized salt can prevent nuclear radiation.

　　Truth: The iodine content of iodized salt sold in the market is very low. In order to get the dose level required for the radiation protection of iodine, an adult needs to eat at least 2 to 3 kilograms at a time. Eating too much iodized salt or iodine tablets blindly according to the actual situation is harmful to the health and may cause diseases such as iodine exceeding the standard and iodine hyperthyroidism.

　　Keywords: thyroid nodules

　　● Gossip:

　　Detection of thyroid nodules is a precursor to thyroid cancer.

　　● The truth:

　　Generally speaking, most thyroid nodules are benign lesions, and real thyroid malignant tumors only account for a small part, so patients with thyroid nodules need not worry too much.

　　The diagnosis of thyroid cancer mainly depends on palpation, ultrasound, puncture and intraoperative pathology. With the continuous improvement of the resolution of modern ultrasound technology, more and more concealed papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid can be found, and most thyroid cancers can be cured through scientific and standardized treatment.

　　However, although there is no need to worry too much about thyroid nodules, we should not take them lightly. We need to go to a regular hospital as soon as possible for a definite diagnosis, so as not to delay the illness and miss the "golden time" of treatment.

　　In addition, because thyroid cancer usually has no obvious symptoms in the early stage, it is difficult to be detected. If there are symptoms such as sudden enlargement of nodules, dysphagia and adhesion of tissues near nodules, a comprehensive thyroid function test should be carried out to judge the nodules. Nodules that are difficult to distinguish should be examined regularly every 6 to 12 months.

　　● Routine:

　　Catering to demand, selling anxiety.

　　At present, people generally pay more attention to the topic of health and health preservation, but there are different opinions on online information, and some ambiguous rumors will take advantage of people’s psychological communication of "preferring to believe it, not believing it."

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1. There is rubbish in blood vessels, and if it is not cleaned up, it will be riddled with diseases.

　　Truth: There are no so-called garbage and toxins in blood vessels, but only metabolic wastes. Drinking plenty of water and increasing urination at ordinary times can help accelerate the cleaning of metabolic waste. In addition, any health food and detoxification soup can’t clear them out of the body.

　　2. Acidity is the root of all diseases.

　　Truth: The human body has an effective regulation system, which keeps the pH value basically stable and only fluctuates in a small range. In other words, eating any food will not change the pH value of the human body, and even drinking vinegar will not make the human body more acidic.

　　Keywords: artificial snow catalyst

　　● Gossip:

　　The large-scale snowfall in North China from February 13 to 14, 2019 was artificial snow increase. Silver iodide contained in artificial snow-increasing catalyst will endanger human health and cause environmental pollution.

　　● The truth:

　　In this snowfall, it is true that artificial snowfall has been carried out in some areas, but even if all the silver iodide catalysts used for snowfall have landed on the ground, the content of silver iodide per square kilometer is only 0.21g.. According to the precipitation, the silver ion concentration is about 0.000035 mg/L, which is far lower than the requirement of the World Health Organization standard and China’s national sanitary standard for drinking water that the silver content should not exceed 0.05 mg/L, and it will not pollute the ecological environment, and will not endanger human health.

　　As early as 1960s, scientific research institutions began to study the impact of silver iodide catalyst on the environment. The detection data of precipitation and soil after artificial rain and snow increase in the United States, Spain, Greece, Australia and Russia show that the average concentration of silver ions is very low. Therefore, the adverse impact of silver iodide, a catalyst used for weather modification, on the ecological environment can be ignored.

　　● Routine:

　　Technical terms lead to misinterpretation.

　　It is a common routine to take for granted the explanation of professional words that the public can’t understand, and spread it by taking advantage of people’s vanity that "I know more than you". Many people simply don’t know what "silver iodide" is, so they naturally believe and spread such rumors.

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1. Domestic salt contains potassium ferrocyanide, which is as toxic as arsenic.

　　Truth: Potassium cyanide is a well-known toxic substance, which is not the same as potassium ferrocyanide contained in salt. Potassium ferrocyanide is a low toxic substance, and a person needs to eat three or two salts a day to have a negative effect on the human body, while the salt that we normal people eat a day is already very salty when it reaches 20 grams.

　　2. Cereal contains pesticide glyphosate, which can cause cancer.

　　Truth: Scientific research shows that glyphosate has no negative effects on the development, reproduction and endocrine system of human beings and other mammals, and it has no chronic toxicity and neurotoxicity to animals in farmland within the scope of normal use.

　　Keywords: X-ray film

　　● Gossip:

　　X-ray has a great influence on human health, especially on pregnant women, babies and fetuses. Therefore, after taking the X-ray, I found that I was pregnant, so the child could not have it, and I had to have an abortion in time.

　　● The truth:

　　There is a threshold for the adverse effects of X-rays on all mammals, including humans, and even embryos. No matter for adults or fetuses, the radiation must reach a certain level to be damaged. Therefore, we can’t talk about the damage without the "dose" of radiation.

　　For the fetus, different gestational ages correspond to different safe doses of radiation. In 2017, the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists issued relevant guidelines: from 0 to 2 weeks of pregnancy, the threshold of teratogenic dose is 50 to 100mSv (millisieverts), and the main impact is fetal death; From 2 to 8 weeks of pregnancy, the threshold of teratogenic dose is 200mSv, and the main influence is congenital malformation; From 8 to 15 weeks of pregnancy, the threshold of teratogenic dose is 60 to 310mSv, which mainly affects mental development and deformity. Therefore, the threshold of the minimum influence dose of the fetus is 50mSv, which is safe as long as it does not exceed this value in theory.

　　In general, the radiation dose of an ordinary chest radiograph is 0.02mSv, that of a knee joint X-ray is 0.005mSv, that of a head CT is 2mSv, and that of a chest CT is 8mSv. Obviously, these radiation doses are within the safe range. To reach 50mSv is equivalent to 2,500 chest radiographs in continuous shooting, or 6 consecutive CT scans.

　　Many hospitals will take corresponding protective measures for those who are examined. For example, when taking a chest X-ray, the examinee will be put on a special lead hat and collar, and a heavy lead apron will be put around the waist and below to avoid unnecessary radiation to the human body.

　　● Routine:

　　Inertia thinking affects judgment.

　　In life, many medical institutions will remind pregnant women and pregnant people to avoid taking X-rays, which may make people form a "mindset", thus affecting rational analysis and judgment.

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1. The "grotesque" big strawberries are all hormonal.

　　Truth: hormones are substances that exist in plants themselves, and there is no need to talk about it. Most of the big strawberries on the market are "lucky" strawberries, which are very big in themselves. Some strawberries look strange, because the temperature and humidity conditions in the greenhouse are not good enough, and the lack of bees leads to uneven pollination.

　　2. Low outdoor visibility is caused by heavy pollution.

　　Truth: Atmospheric visibility is mainly affected by four factors: particle concentration, chemical composition, relative humidity and solar radiation. We often say that "air quality" only represents the concentration of particulate matter. In summer, the humidity of "sauna day" is relatively high, which significantly enhances the scattering effect of sunlight, resulting in a decrease in the amount of light input into people’s eyes, so the visibility is reduced.

　　Keywords: running

　　● Gossip:

　　People who run regularly are prone to hip and knee arthritis.

　　● The truth:

　　Risk factors leading to arthritis include age, family history, overweight and injury, but the length, intensity, distance and the number of long-distance runs completed have nothing to do with arthritis. In other words, people who are older, heavier, have a family history of arthritis or have had joint injuries are more likely to get arthritis.

　　Long-distance running does not destroy joints, but the proportion of marathon runners suffering from arthritis is lower than that of ordinary people. A large-scale study in 2017 showed that the incidence of arthritis in runners for fitness purposes was only 3.5%, while that in sedentary people was 10.2%. In other words, running can be a protective factor for the knee, and the key lies in the correct running mode.

　　In short, you should run within your power according to your physical condition. As long as the method is proper, it is beneficial to your joints and health.

　　● Routine:

　　Causality is confused and logic is misleading.

　　Misleading grafting causality. Succession or association is not equal to causality, and causality needs strict argumentation. It is a kind of thinking mistake that we often make to mistake the relationship of precedence or association for causality.

　　● Similar rumors:

　　1. Cold stimulation weakens the immune defense ability, and freezing can lead to arthritis.

　　Truth: By the age of 40, almost all people will have some pathological changes of osteoarthritis in their weight-bearing joints. Catch cold or catch cold is only an inducing factor that leads to the aggravation of arthritis symptoms, not a direct cause.

　　2. The woman in Xi ‘an died after being bitten by a dog and vaccinated, and the rabies vaccine was useless.

　　Truth: After the rabies vaccine is injected, there is indeed the possibility that the vaccine will be ineffective due to accidents, such as incomplete wound treatment and a small amount of virus remaining, but this does not mean that the vaccine is useless. In most cases, rabies vaccine is safe and effective.

通过admin
, , , , ,

Resume： Lan Tianli

　　Lan Tianli, male, Zhuang nationality, born in October 1962, from Hechi, Guangxi, joined the work in February 1980, and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in June 1985. He graduated from Beihang University, majoring in management science and engineering, with a postgraduate degree, a doctor in management and an associate researcher.

　　1980— 1983 Teacher of Shibie Primary School, Longan Primary School and Tangli Primary School in Yishan County, Guangxi

　　1983— In 1987, he studied physics in the Physics Department of Guangxi University for Nationalities.

　　1987— In 1992, officer, clerk and deputy director of the Science and Technology Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

　　1992— 1998 Deputy Director and Investigator of High-tech Department of Science and Technology Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

　　1998— 2003 Deputy Director of Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Member of Party Group, Vice Chairman of Association for Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (concurrently in January 2002)

　　（1996— In 1999, he studied political economy in the Department of Economics of Guangxi University; 2002.03— 2002.07 Western Class of Central Party School)

　　2003— Director of Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2007, Party Secretary, Vice Chairman of Association for Science and Technology of Guangxi Autonomous Region (concurrently), Chairman and Dean of Guangxi Branch of China Science and Technology Development Institute (concurrently in March 2006)

　　（2002— In 2007, the School of Economics and Management of Beihang University studied in-service graduate students majoring in management science and engineering, and obtained a doctorate in management; 2006— In 2007, he studied at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and obtained a master’s degree in public administration)

　　2007— 2008 Deputy Secretary and Mayor of Hechi Municipal Committee of Guangxi

　　2008— 2011 Secretary of Hechi Municipal Committee of Guangxi and Director of the Standing Committee of Municipal People’s Congress (during this period: March 2010.03— 2010.07 Central Party School Training Course for Young and Middle-aged Cadres)

　　2011— In 2015, Vice Chairman of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Government, Member of Party Group, Secretary of Hechi Municipal Committee, Director of the Standing Committee of Municipal People’s Congress (until December 2011), Director of the Office of Planning and Construction Management Committee of Beibu Gulf (Guangxi) Economic Zone, Secretary of Party Group (2011— Concurrently in 2013), Director of the Management Committee of Pingxiang Comprehensive Bonded Zone and Secretary of the Party Working Committee (2011— Concurrently in 2013), director of China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park Management Committee and secretary of the Party Working Committee (October 2012.10— 2013.04 concurrently)

　　2015— In 2016, he was a member of the Standing Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee, Vice Chairman of the Autonomous Region Government and Party Group.

　　2016— In 2018, he was a member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, vice chairman of the autonomous region government, deputy secretary of the party group, and president of Guangxi Administration College (concurrently)

　　2018— October 2020 Chairman of the Political Consultative Conference of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Party Secretary, Dean of Guangxi Administration College (concurrently)

　　From October 2020 to January 2021, he served as Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Vice Chairman and Acting Chairman of the Autonomous Region, Chairman of the Political Consultative Conference of the Autonomous Region, Party Secretary, and Dean of Guangxi Administration College (concurrently)

　　January 2021-Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chairman of the Autonomous Region Government

　　Alternate member of the 18th and 19th Central Committee. Deputies to the 11th National People’s Congress. Member of the 9th, 10th and 11th Party Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Representatives of the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th People’s Congress of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Member of the 12th Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee of CPPCC.

　　(Resume source: Comprehensive Guangxi Daily and other information)

通过admin
, , , , ,

Operation of China Purchasing Managers Index in December 2019

Operation of China Purchasing Managers Index in December 2019
National bureau of statistics service industry survey center
china federation of logistics & purchasing

I. Operation of Purchasing Managers Index of China Manufacturing Industry

In December 2019, the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) of China’s manufacturing industry was 50.2%, which was the same as last month.

In terms of enterprise scale, the PMI of large enterprises was 50.6%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month, and that of medium-sized enterprises was 51.4%, up 1.9 percentage points from last month. The PMI of large and medium-sized enterprises was above the critical point. The PMI of small enterprises was 47.2%, down 2.2 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point.

From the classification index, among the five classification indexes that constitute the manufacturing PMI, the production index, new order index and supplier delivery time index are higher than the critical point, while the raw material inventory index and employee index are lower than the critical point.

The production index was 53.2%, up 0.6 percentage points from last month, and remained above the critical point, indicating that the production expansion of manufacturing enterprises continued to accelerate.

The new order index was 51.2%, down 0.1 percentage point from last month and above the critical point for two consecutive months, indicating that the manufacturing market demand continued to grow.

The raw material inventory index was 47.2%, down 0.6 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point, indicating that the inventory of major raw materials in manufacturing industry decreased.

The employee index was 47.3%, which was the same as last month, indicating that the employment boom of manufacturing enterprises was stable.

The delivery time index of suppliers was 51.1%, up 0.6 percentage points from last month, which was above the critical point, indicating that the delivery time of raw material suppliers in manufacturing industry was accelerated.

II. Operation of Purchasing Managers Index for Non-manufacturing Industries in China

In December 2019, the non-manufacturing business activity index was 53.5%, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous month, indicating that the non-manufacturing industry maintained an overall expansion trend and its growth rate slowed down.

By industry, the business activity index of service industry was 53.0%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month. From the perspective of industry categories, the business activity index of railway transportation, accommodation, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet software information technology services, financial services, leasing and business services industries is above 55.0%, and business activities are relatively active; The business activity index of wholesale industry, real estate industry and other industries is located in the contraction range. The business activity index of the construction industry was 56.7%, down 2.9 percentage points from last month, and maintained a high level of prosperity.

The new order index was 50.4%, down 0.9 percentage points from last month and above the critical point. In terms of industries, the new order index of service industry was 50.0%, down 0.5 percentage points from last month; The new order index of the construction industry was 52.9%, down 3.1 percentage points from last month.

The input price index was 52.4%, down 0.8 percentage points from last month, which was above the critical point, indicating that the overall increase of input prices used by non-manufacturing enterprises for business activities narrowed. In terms of industries, the price index of service inputs was 52.3%, down 0.3 percentage points from last month; The price index of construction inputs was 53.0%, down 3.3 percentage points from last month.

The sales price index was 50.3%, which was 1.0 percentage points lower than that of last month, but it was still above the critical point, indicating that the overall sales price level of non-manufacturing industries increased slightly compared with last month. In terms of industries, the sales price index of service industry was 49.9%, down 1.2 percentage points from last month; The sales price index of the construction industry was 52.2%, down 0.4 percentage points from last month.

The employee index was 48.3%, down 0.7 percentage points from last month, which was below the critical point. In terms of industries, the index of service industry employees was 47.9%, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous month; The index of employees in the construction industry was 50.7%, down 4.8 percentage points from last month.

The expected index of business activities is 59.1%, which is 1.9 percentage points lower than that of last month, but it is still in a high boom zone, indicating that non-manufacturing enterprises are more optimistic about the future market development. In terms of industries, the expected index of service business activities was 59.1%, down 1.5 percentage points from last month; The expected index of business activities in the construction industry was 59.2%, down 3.9 percentage points from last month.

Third, the operation of China’s comprehensive PMI output index

In December 2019, the comprehensive PMI output index was 53.4%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, and remained above the critical point, indicating that the production and operation activities of Chinese enterprises maintained an overall expansion trend.

annotations

1. Interpretation of main indicators

Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is an index compiled through the statistical summary of the monthly survey results of purchasing managers of enterprises. It covers all aspects of purchasing, production and circulation of enterprises, including manufacturing and non-manufacturing fields. It is one of the leading indexes used internationally to monitor macroeconomic trends and has strong forecasting and early warning functions. The comprehensive PMI output index is a comprehensive index that reflects the output changes of the whole industry (manufacturing and non-manufacturing) in the current PMI index system. PMI usually takes 50% as the dividing point of economic strength, and when PMI is higher than 50%, it reflects the overall economic expansion; Below 50%, it reflects the overall economic contraction.

2. Scope of investigation

It involves 31 industry categories and 3,000 survey samples in the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2017); There are 37 major categories of non-manufacturing industries and 4000 survey samples.

3. Investigation methods

The purchasing manager adopts PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) sampling method, taking manufacturing or non-manufacturing industries as the layer, and the sample size of industries is distributed according to the proportion of their added value to the total added value of manufacturing or non-manufacturing, and the samples in the layer are extracted with the probability proportional to the main business income of the enterprise.

This survey was specifically organized and implemented by the investigation team directly under the National Bureau of Statistics, and a monthly questionnaire survey was conducted on the purchasing managers of enterprises by using the national statistical network direct reporting system.

4. Calculation method

(1) Calculation method of classification index. The survey index system of purchasing managers in manufacturing industry includes 13 sub-indexes, such as production, new orders, new export orders, orders in hand, finished goods inventory, purchase volume, import, purchase price of main raw materials, ex-factory price, raw material inventory, employees, supplier delivery time, production and business activities expectation, etc. The survey index system of purchasing managers in non-manufacturing industry includes 10 sub-indexes, such as business activities, new orders, new export orders, orders in hand, inventory, input prices, sales prices, employees, supplier delivery time and business activity expectations. The classification index adopts the diffusion index calculation method, that is, the percentage of enterprises that answer positively plus half of the percentage that answers unchanged. Because there is no composite index for non-manufacturing industries, the international business activity index is usually used to reflect the overall changes of non-manufacturing economic development.

(2) The calculation method of manufacturing PMI index. Manufacturing PMI is weighted by five diffusion indices (classification indices). The five classification indexes and their weights are determined according to their leading influence on the economy. Specifically, it includes: new order index with a weight of 30%; Production index with a weight of 25%; Employee index, with a weight of 20%; Supplier delivery time index with a weight of 15%; Raw material inventory index, with a weight of 10%. Among them, the supplier delivery time index is an inverse index, which is inversely calculated when synthesizing the manufacturing PMI index.

(3) Calculation method of comprehensive PMI output index. The comprehensive PMI output index is a weighted sum of manufacturing production index and non-manufacturing business activity index, and the weights are the proportion of manufacturing and non-manufacturing to GDP respectively.

5. Seasonal adjustment

Purchasing manager survey is a monthly survey, which is influenced by seasonal factors and the data fluctuates greatly. The published indexes are all seasonally adjusted data.

通过admin
, , , , ,

No kebab shop is perfect.

People who are traveling or working in other places will occasionally have a subtle psychology when eating barbecue. Simply put, it is: "I can’t figure out why there is no such thing?"

"This" refers to something from snacks to big food. It’s delicious to simply bake it, but it’s not on the barbecue stall here.

Of course, there are some foods with local characteristics that local people can figure out, such as roasted milk tofu and dried apricots in Inner Mongolia and roasted melons in Yunnan. But some universal foods are not used as kebabs, so it always feels incredible. Take butter, for example. Where is it? But Hunan people can make roasted butter into a special feature of Xiangxi skewers.

The tip of the chicken wings and the treasure in the palm that southerners like are moved up to the thicker roast chicken wings in the north … Since the wings of the chicken have been broken, why only keep its biceps brachii, and why not roast the tip of the chicken wings separately? I don’t understand　

Barbecue is the most primitive cooking method of human beings, unlike famous dishes from all over the world, which need to be passed down by chefs. Most of us have the first impression of barbecue, that is, the stall in front of our house. Simply baking it and brushing the seasoning can appease the young taste buds. So I preconceived that barbecues should be the same everywhere. Even if you don’t have any favorite ingredients, just tell your boss that it should be ready in two days.

When I grew up and "wandered" to other cities, I found that there were many barbecue sects in various places, and the difference was too great. A Guizhou native said that he thought that all the places ate broken ears, baked potatoes, and dipped them in dip with broken ears.

But the reality is cruel, this wonderful food is rejected by many people, and the barbecue stall owner who opens the door to do business is even more afraid to expect it, and is good at providing it. One more thing is better than one less thing.

There is also the local litsea oil, which has a special fragrance similar to the combination of pepper and ginger. Eat sour soup rice at the barbecue stall and drop a few drops. This meal is complete. He once ordered a kebab at his home in Beijing and dropped a little on it himself, but it didn’t taste like that.

Muttered with colleagues: "It’s obviously very simple. Why don’t you just buy some folded ears in the store and cut them?"

A colleague from Sichuan, a neighboring province, told him: "These two things taste too remote, and it is easy to understand if they are not cooked in other provinces. Last time I went to Hangzhou on business, I asked my boss if he had baked konjac at midnight. The boss’s eyes are wide open. Can that thing be baked? "

He is also full of grievances, and he looks at the menu. Apart from meat or meat, in fact, he simply needs to put on a large piece of konjac with two bamboo sticks, put it on the fire, sprinkle some ingredients, and eat it when the temperature is up.

When eating, it’s just like eating a hot tongue, and it doesn’t gain weight. Why isn’t there a barbecue stall outside? And ribs, why can’t they be baked with green peppers? He didn’t think that such a large piece of ingredients as konjac would cost an extra piece to string together, which would lead to high cost over time and not be able to sell like meat. Northeast China and North China are rich in meat sources and good in meat quality. Red meat alone can be divided into crisp bones, meat tendons, plate tendons, kebabs, oily edges, chest, heart-protecting meat and many other points. The boss doesn’t have to go to so much trouble to make a bunch of trivial vegetarian dishes.

As for the double peaks of green peppers and ribs, it is a common sight for Sichuanese. On the other hand, it seems that the boss has a bad mind in order to reduce costs: "It is obvious that there can be eight pieces of meat on a string, and now half of them are replaced with green peppers!"

These seem completely negligible in business, and the subtle differences are very different on everyone’s tongue.

Linyi said: Before she went to Beijing, the definition of barbecue was fried skewers with pancakes, grilled starfish, and baked hairy eggs that her mother took her to a stall and ate around a small stove. Hairy eggs and live beads are not suitable for pictures, and some places, such as Nanjing, like them very much. People who don’t love them are scared to death when they hear that there are half-formed chickens in them. This classmate said: when I have money, I must open a pure barbecue restaurant in our hometown, and people who can’t eat baked eggs are not allowed to enter.

There are also stone eggs, also called real eggs, which are made by opening a small hole in the egg, pouring out the contents, stirring evenly like coffee, adding edible alkali like coffee with sugar, and continuing to stir evenly, so that the egg will turn pale green, then pouring the stirred egg liquid into the egg shell, and a cup of egg kabuqi (shi) will be finished, then steaming and solidifying, and then baking on the shelf.

Like the roast chicken rack, all the local people are in full swing, but the food is not popular all over the country.

Northeasters can’t get used to barbecues without dried tofu in the south. There are too many kinds of bean products in the barbecue stalls in the south, such as vegetarian chicken, thick bean skin, wrapped bean curd, etc., which are roasted with fire, and what you want is the feeling that it tastes like meat but not meat.

Dried tofu can only be sidelined. Southerners will think it is too thin and dry. Barbecue stalls were originally not made. Later, because of the large population circulation between the north and the south, it was crept on the menu. However, if dried tofu is not brushed with thick sauce, it will taste a little less charming.

The joys and sorrows of human beings are not interlinked, and so is their knowledge. What is taken for granted in one place becomes "inexplicable surprise" in another place.

In A String of Life, Chongqing’s roasted brain flowers and Xuzhou’s roasted sheep’s eyes are also counted as "dark dishes", which makes people all over the country feel "incredibly wild". People in Sichuan and Chongqing and Xuzhou only think that they are noisy.

People in Sichuan and Chongqing still eat rabbits. What’s surprising about brain flowers? So they can’t press the table. When Xuzhou people go to other places to eat barbecue, they will sigh like plum blossoms, one sigh that there is no roasted sheep ball, the other sigh that there is no roasted sheep eye, and the third sigh that it is not suitable for handmade noodles. Xuzhou has the habit of eating sheep, and the whole dog days last for more than a month, which is the Fu Yang Festival. I was fascinated by eating sheep. It was a pity that so many sheep only made mutton soup, so they pondered the barbecue.

The barbecue is more finely divided, just like Chaoshan people eat beef in countless parts. In addition to sheep balls and sheep eyes, the local barbecue shop also has a stretched belly of sheep, which is the meat near the ribs of sheep, which has both muscle, lean meat and fat, and is delicious in three. Xuzhou people are located in the north and south, and their eating habits are mixed with rice and flour. Barbecue with handmade noodles or steamed buns is a matter of course, as if the barbecue in the world should be eaten like this, and people in South China will feel choked.

Chongqing people don’t understand why foreigners don’t eat roasted skin (more recently), and Yunnan people don’t understand the absence of roast chicken tendons. What everyone thinks is: "It’s obvious that it’s enough to put it on the fire. Why don’t foreign barbecue shops sell it, even if they have a chat?"

Some people have begun experiments to eliminate these inconspicuous but crucial differences. Now, roasted butter has been popularized in first-tier cities, and roasted skin has also radiated outward along the periphery of Chongqing. Of course, the farthest one must be the northeast barbecue. Recently, in Shenzhen, I ate a good Qiqihar barbecue, an iron plate with pork belly, beef, sauerkraut, peanuts and Chili powder.

The boss is from the northeast and asked him how he thought of opening this store. He said, "The seafood barbecue here is not delicious. I thought, barbecue should be like my home, so I just opened one. "

The story of Hegang skewers in Beijing is similar. Hegang barbecue is mainly made of cattle, with small pieces of meat, and the characteristic is "medium rare". When the local school was over, the chef of kebabs began to open and sold them to students, who didn’t have any pocket money, so the meat slices were cut thin and small.

When Hegang people arrived in Beijing, how do you think the beef here is cut into such a big piece? It’s not tasty yet There are few kinds. The local kinds are raw tendons, cooked tendons, plank tendons, meat tendons, bright tendons, beef heart tube, beef chest, beef bone marrow, beef slices and beef tendon … The fineness is also catching up with Chaoshan beef pot.

The same idea: "The barbecue should be like my home." Later, Hegang people simply drove themselves.

If we want to combine the imagination of people from all over the world about barbecue shops, we will make a perfect barbecue shop. Stocking should be like this: master Xinjiang is in charge of docking excellent meat sources, master Xuzhou is in charge of distributing mutton, master Hegang is in charge of distributing beef, master Sichuan or Chongqing is in charge of pork (mainly dealing with fat intestines and brain flowers, as well as pig meat in Liangshan), and another master Yunnan is in charge of roasting chicken skin, chicken feet, chicken tendons and bean products, and learning from Mala Tang Store to purchase vegetarian chicken, tofu skin, dried orchids, chiba tofu, dried tofu and konjac. Vegetarian dishes such as leeks, cauliflower, eggplant, potatoes, lotus root slices, Flammulina velutipes, green peppers and rice cakes can satisfy 90% of China diners.

As for the grilled seafood, then give it to the Guangdong master.

However, this seasoning is difficult. Some people want to eat pickled meat, some like fresh meat, and some people like spicy and cumin. The spicy taste in Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan is different. Northeastern people prefer sweet and spicy and brush sauce, and the dip is unique and elegant. Fuzhou people’s barbecue also has a red bad taste. It is also difficult to match the staple food. Xi ‘an people’s steamed buns, Xuzhou people’s boiled buns, Shandong people’s pancakes, and northeast baked wheat cakes are all eaten with barbecue and have to be imported from different places.

Obviously a very simple thing, away from home, is not. This is the meaning of hometown and the reason why there is no perfect barbecue restaurant in the world.

interaction

Who is the favorite kebab eater in your family?

What is the dish that kebabs must order?

Talk to us in the message.

通过admin
, , , , ,

In the first four months, the cumulative turnover in the foreign exchange market was 80.29 trillion yuan.

　　CCTV News:According to the data of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the total turnover of China’s foreign exchange market in April was 20.14 trillion yuan.

　　January — In April, China’s foreign exchange market totaled 80.29 trillion yuan. China’s foreign exchange market transactions remain active and the market operates smoothly and orderly.

近期文章

近期评论

您尚未收到任何评论。

归档

分类目录

夜西安论坛 西安品茶 西安品茶上课 西安品茶微信 西安品茶网 西安品茶论坛 西安品茶资源 西安夜生活论坛 西安夜网论坛 西安桑拿 西安桑拿会所 西安桑拿网 西安桑拿论坛 西安耍耍 西安耍耍网 西安耍耍论坛 西安高端外卖

Proudly powered by WordPress | Theme: Appointment by Webriti