分类归档 hrdgfh

　　About the author: Han Xiping, Ph.D. in Political Economy, professor and doctoral supervisor, director of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center of Jilin University, and distinguished professor, a Changjiang scholar of the Ministry of Education. The third batch of leading talents of philosophy and social sciences in the national "Ten Thousand Talents Program", Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China cultural masters and "Four Groups" talents were selected, and the national talents of 100 million talents were members of the seventh discipline evaluation group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee. He presided over major projects of the National Social Science Fund and major ideological and political projects entrusted by the Ministry of Education.

　　Development is the basis and key to solve all problems in our country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader repeatedly stressed: "Liberating and developing productive forces is the essential requirement of socialism." How to understand and grasp the strategic thinking of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction in the new era as a whole? The newly published "Learning Outline of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era" (referred to as the "Outline") provides important auxiliary reading materials for the broad masses of cadres and the masses. The ninth chapter of the Outline focuses on Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, closely follows the main line of "leading high-quality economic development with new development concepts", and accurately explains the development concept, fundamental requirements, basic orientation, main line of work and strategic objectives of economic construction in the new era from five dimensions. This chapter has a broad vision, thorough reasoning and vivid expression, which is both "quenching thirst" and "solving doubts", and is of great guiding significance for formulating economic policy guidelines, perfecting development strategies and enhancing work creativity.

　　First, from the development concept to the specific countermeasures, gather the overall strategy of economic development in the new era.

　　The new development concept reflects the deepening of our party’s understanding of the law of economic and social development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "If the development concept is right, the objectives and tasks will be set, and the policy measures will be set accordingly." The "Outline" clearly points out: "The concept of development is the forerunner of development action and the concentrated expression of development ideas, development direction and development focus. Whether the development concept is right or not fundamentally determines the development effectiveness and even success or failure. " The development concept is strategic, programmatic and leading, and it is the basis for formulating specific development countermeasures. The change of development concept is a profound change related to the overall development. It is a systematic process from development concept to specific countermeasures, which is unified with Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice and outlines the overall strategy of economic development in the new era. Based on the level of countermeasures, the Outline systematically expounds China’s new development concept, clearly leads the high-quality economic development with the new development concept, and establishes a modern economic system, and profoundly answers the realistic questions of what kind of development China will achieve in the new era and how to achieve it.

　　The new development concept focuses on another major innovation of China’s development theory. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has complied with the new requirements of the times and practical development, adhered to the people-centered development thought, and put forward a radical policy of unswervingly implementing the new development concept and leading economic and social development. The new development concept is like a "baton, a traffic light", which leads China’s economy to change its development mode, optimize its economic structure, change its growth momentum, and push the economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development. It embodies our party’s profound insight and scientific grasp of the basic characteristics of the new development stage, and marks that our party’s understanding of the laws of economic and social development has reached a new height. This is not only a strategic choice to solve the development problem, but also has the characteristics of "managing the overall situation, managing the root, managing the direction and managing the long term".

　　The new development concept must run through the whole process of economic activities. In line with it, the concrete practice supporting the new development concept has formed a structural whole to promote economic development and outlined the overall strategy of economic development in the new era. Promoting high-quality development is the fundamental requirement for determining development ideas, formulating economic policies and implementing macro-control at present and in the future; It is the basic orientation of economic construction in the new era to insist that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government; Promoting supply-side structural reform is the main line of economic construction in the new era; Building a modern economic system is the strategic goal of China’s development. From development concept to specific countermeasures, all links, levels and fields of social and economic activities constitute an organic whole, which broadens the practical road of leading high-quality economic development with new development concepts.

　　Second, from high-speed growth to high-quality development, reflecting the transformation requirements of economic development in the new era.

　　Centering on economic construction is the key to rejuvenating the country. The "Outline" comes straight to the point, emphasizing that economic construction must respect the law of economic development, adapt to the changes of the main contradictions in our society, and meet the practical needs of building a well-off society and a socialist modern power in an all-round way. After the reform and opening up, China’s economy has ushered in a stage of rapid development. However, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the high-speed growth mode is not in harmony with the changes in practice, and the disadvantages of extensive economic’s unsustainable growth mode are increasingly exposed. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our understanding of the stage characteristics of economic development has been deepening. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "At this stage, the basic feature of China’s economic development is to shift from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage." The change of development concept reflects the profound change of economic development mode. From high-speed growth to high-quality development, the transformation of economic development in the new era is clear.

　　The main goal of economic development and transformation in the new era is to achieve high-quality economic development. The "Outline" vividly expresses high-quality development, that is, "economic development starts from ‘ Is there ’ Turn ‘ Ok ’ " . From high-speed economic growth to high-quality development means that China’s economy will inevitably transform into a stage with more advanced form, more optimized division of labor and more reasonable structure. The "Outline" points out that under the new normal, China’s economic development shows three characteristics: speed change, structural optimization and power conversion. "The growth rate should shift from high speed to medium high speed, the development mode should shift from scale speed to quality efficiency, and the economic structure adjustment should shift from incremental capacity expansion to adjustment of stock and optimization, and the development power should shift from relying mainly on resources and low-cost labor to innovation-driven." Promoting high-quality economic development is an inevitable requirement of economic development and transformation in the new era, but the transformation process is not easy.

　　To promote high-quality economic development, we must fully understand the "three unchanged". First, the fundamentals of healthy and stable economic development in China have not changed; Second, the conditions of production factors supporting high-quality development have not changed; Third, the overall momentum of long-term stability has not changed. Generally speaking, from high-speed growth to high-quality development, the transformation goal of China’s economic development in the new era has been established, that is, we must adhere to quality first and benefit first, promote the transformation of development mode, optimize economic structure, change growth momentum, accelerate the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development, continuously enhance economic innovation and competitiveness, and promote new progress in realizing high-quality development of China’s economy.

　　Third, from system innovation to system persistence, lay a solid foundation for Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic system.

　　To adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, the core issue is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market. In fact, it is necessary to deal with the question of whether the market plays a decisive role or the government plays a decisive role in resource allocation. The "Outline" elaborated in detail the process of our party’s deepening understanding of the relationship between the government and the market since the reform and opening up, and gradually made clear the important conclusion that "the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources". Making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government not only follows the general law of market economy, but also does not deny the interaction between the two. The formation of a socialist market economic system in which the market and the government complement and promote each other is another major innovation of our party in theory and practice.

　　Dealing with the relationship between the government and the market runs through the baseline of adhering to and improving China’s socialist basic economic system. China implements a socialist market economy system, and the public ownership economy occupies a dominant position in the national economy. Whether the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation or the government plays a better role, it will give full play to the advantages of the socialist system and serve to uphold and consolidate the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. System innovation and system persistence complement each other and complement each other. System innovation should be based on system persistence, and for better system persistence, we must respect the law of economic development and deepen system innovation. In the reform of the socialist market economic system, the foundation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic system has been consolidated from economic system innovation to system persistence.

　　Handle the relationship between the government and the market, especially treat the public economy and the non-public economy correctly. "Outline" clearly points out: "Public ownership economy and non-public ownership economy are both important components of the socialist market economy and an important foundation for China’s economic and social development". This exposition not only reflects the institutional innovation of China’s socialist market economy reform, but also shows China’s institutional persistence with public ownership as the main body. In the process of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice, China’s economic development has made great achievements, which proves the institutional advantages of the socialist market economic system. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed: "China’s basic economic system has been written into the Constitution and party constitution, which will not change and cannot be changed." This insistence on the system comes not only from the successful practice and brilliant achievements of China’s economic development since the reform and opening up, but also from the confidence in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic economic system. From system innovation to system persistence, it is not only our party’s profound understanding of the development of theory and practice, but also strengthens the confidence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic economic system.

　　Fourth, from demand regulation to supply-side structural reform, highlighting the main line of economic development and economic work

　　The "Outline" emphasizes: "It is necessary to take the promotion of supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic development and economic work at present and in the future." Supply-side management and demand-side management are two basic means of macroeconomic regulation and control. There are two main reasons why the supply-side structural reform should be promoted. First, the problem is forced. In the past, China’s macroeconomic policies were mainly oriented to the demand side of "investment, export and consumption". Especially after the global financial crisis in 2008, China launched the "4 trillion plan" economic stimulus plan. However, the contradiction between supply and demand has not been fundamentally resolved, and the sequelae of demand-side management and regulation have been constantly emerging with the slowdown of investment in infrastructure, resulting in overcapacity and excessive leverage. The second is to get rid of the need of path dependence. Economic "detachment from reality to virtuality" weakens the effectiveness of demand-side management, and due to many factors such as weak external demand, simple demand-side management encounters bottlenecks. Entering a new era, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "From the international experience, the development of a country fundamentally depends on the supply side." In addition, the world economic structure is also being adjusted, and China needs to adapt to the changes in the external environment, exert its strength from the supply side, and identify its own development orientation.

　　The ultimate goal of supply-side structural reform is to promote the adjustment of supply structure and meet people’s needs through reform. In the process of economic development, due to the lack of effective supply capacity, a large number of "demand spillovers" have resulted in a serious outflow of consumption capacity. The "Outline" pointed out that promoting structural reform on the supply side is an inevitable requirement for adjusting the economic structure, changing the mode of development, cultivating new impetus for growth, and realizing innovative development. The focus of the work in the new era is to start with the supply-side structural reform, solve major structural problems such as "structural imbalance between supply and demand in the real economy, imbalance between finance and the real economy, imbalance between real estate and the real economy", and realize the leap from low-level supply and demand balance to high-level supply and demand balance.

　　To deepen supply-side structural reform and promote high-quality economic development, we must adhere to the eight-character policy of "consolidating, strengthening, upgrading and smoothing". At present and in the future, we should take deepening the structural reform of the supply side as the main line of work, work hard on "breaking", "establishing" and "reducing", fully implement the five tasks of "three to one, one to reduce and one to supplement", solve the structural problems in supply and stimulate new impetus for economic growth. Promoting supply-side structural reform is the focus and main line of work in the new era, and it is also a major measure to promote China’s economy in the direction of "higher quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development".

　　Fifth, from practical strategy to theoretical sublimation, it has enriched and developed Marxist political economy.

　　"Outline" points out: "Our party has combined the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the great practice of reform and opening up, achieved a series of new important theoretical achievements, and formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy that adapts to the national conditions of contemporary China and the characteristics of the times". In the new era, in the face of international and domestic environmental changes and the unprecedented development situation in China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward a series of useful strategies, such as new development concepts, promoting supply-side structural reforms, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and building a modern economic system, in order to solve the problems of the development of the times, following the objective economic laws. It not only creates a new engine for economic and social development, but also solves many development problems that have been solved for a long time, successfully controls the overall situation of China’s economic development, promotes the continuous improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength, and connects the economic aggregate to a new level.

　　A strong country must have a strong economic system. Take the construction of a modern economic system as an example. First, we must deeply understand that the modern economic system is an organic whole covering all links, levels and fields of social and economic activities. Second, we must lay a solid foundation for the real economy. Third, we should give full play to the supporting role of innovation-driven development strategy. Fourth, we should optimize the spatial layout through the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Fifth, we should develop an open economy and improve international competitiveness. Sixth, we should deepen the reform of the economic system and improve the system guarantee.

　　Theoretical development lies in continuous deepening, and successful experiences need to be constantly summarized. It is precisely because of combining the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the great practice of comprehensively deepening reform, and exploring the law of socialist economic development according to the development and changes of the times and economic practice that General Secretary Supreme Leader put forward a series of groundbreaking new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, and created and formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the supreme leader in the new era has always adhered to the people-centered, scientifically answered the question of what kind of development and how to achieve it, clarified the interactive relationship between production relations and productivity development in the new era, explored the only way to achieve higher quality, higher efficiency, fairer and more sustainable development, deepened our party’s understanding of the law of economic development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, effectively guided China’s new development practice, opened up a new realm of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, and enriched and developed Marxist political economy.

　　Lead: Women have a soft spot for red lips, and every girl should have a big red lipstick! As the "topic queen", Yang Mi has occupied the hot search list all the year round, but this time it was nothing but her husband. Not afraid of rumors to support her husband, the girl power has slowly turned into a "gas field red lip" control, and it is necessary to know that women who are as strong as the outside are more attractive. （@mimimi_）

　　Yang Mi is not afraid of rumors and supports Hawick Lau to become a "gas field red lip control"

　　Recently, Hawick Lau and Angel brushed aside the incident of the "luminous" script. Both sides kept denying that even the broker had issued a statement, but the people who ate melons still didn’t mean to let things go. But no matter how the gossip spread, wuli said, "Trust Liu Kaiwei unconditionally." ：

　　Some netizens said that "other people’s family affairs can’t be seen through by outsiders …", and some netizens still entered the show deeply and said that "I am even more sad after reading my power response, and I feel distressed!" . In other words, it doesn’t hurt to have such a young and beautiful wife, and there is still time to "have an affair"?

　　Although Yang Mi already has a hot mom in Noemie, she has always called herself a "girl", so tender that she has no friends. But I don’t know if you’ve noticed that Yang Mi’s painting style has changed suddenly recently, and the appearance rate of "red lips" in both private photos of life and airport street shooting is too high to ignore! Moreover, the ever-changing "red" and beauty are also different.

　　[power of red lips in private photos]

　　Self-timer should have red lips and a white weapon! When gathering with friends, you should also be blessed with red lips, and you don’t have to open a beauty mode to be beautiful ~

　　[the power of red lips in the airport]

　　Speaking of airport styling, I think I’ve been working hard recently! Every body shape is quite prepared, but one thing remains the same: red lips! Red lips! Red lips! Look carefully. In order to match different shapes, red is also slightly different.

　　If the above set of "airport powers" is bright and beautiful, then the following set of "airport powers" is more menstruation-colored:

　　Although the dark red lip tone is difficult to control, it is obviously more powerful.

　　Every girl should have a big red lipstick!

　　Every woman has her own red color, because it can always awaken your desire for beauty. Just like the actresses who surprised the time in the movie, the most classic is always the touch of red lips.

　　Is it miserable not to have a boyfriend? NO。 It is a sad thing if a woman doesn’t have a classic red lip on her dressing table.

　　Dior Dior Brilliant Blue Gold Lipstick #999

　　￥320.00

　　Speaking of red lips, the first one to qualify must be Dior Rouge #999! This lipstick is divided into Matte version and Satin version. Matte’s version of #999 is a little orange, and the matte texture is painted with super temperament. Satin version continues the high fashion color of CD family, and the satin makeup effect is fashionable and great, which is vividly reflected in Natalie Portman’s advertisement for this lipstick:

　　Natalie Portman’s lips are red and teeth are white for Dior’s brand-new advertising blockbuster!

　　GIORGIO ARMANI Armani made velvet matte lip glaze (red tube lip glaze) #400 Armani custom uniform

　　￥310.00

　　Red tube lip glaze #400 is a hot item among the hot items. It is often sold out side by side with their clarinet lip glaze, and it has won the favor of many female stars. Yang Mi, Xiao S, Tamia Liu, Kong Xiaozhen, Ha Ji Won  … are sought after by female stars and beauty lovers all over the world like GIORGIO ARMANI’s clothes. The matte texture of velvet is combined with the uniform ordered by #400 Armani, and the lip is like wearing Armani velvet, which is luxurious and super satisfying. Compared with the warm Dior Rouge#999, #400 shows some rose red in the true red.

　　In addition, I will teach you a little skill of DIY lipstick with the same blush:

　　Mix Armani luminous eyedropper with red tube lip glaze (suggestion #504) in a ratio of 3: 1, and gently apply it to cheeks to create a pink and good complexion blush, so that cheeks and lip color can be perfectly matched.

　　There is also a heavy recommendation! The red tube lip glaze is out of the "Little Fat Ding" version! !

　　GIORGIO ARMANI chubby lip glaze

　　Don’t be too human. I always want to have more colors at once, but I know I can’t use them all when I buy them. Great, the new "Little Fat Ding Lip Glaze" can satisfy girls’ more desires ~ ~ You can choose any red color ~

　　However, Xiaopang’s texture is more moist, which belongs to Yingrun texture. The basin friends who like velvet texture can only continue to support the red tube.

　　Lancome pure velvet lipstick #195 Rose of Love

　　￥270.00

　　Lancome lipstick has always been Yang Mi’s good partner, and #195 is also one of Yang Mi’s three favorite colors. A little bit of deep red is more pressing, although it is velvet lipstick, it has a good moisturizing feeling.

　　CPB magnificent lipstick #311

　　￥450.00

　　Needless to say, CPB’s products are first valued in always online! Not only the shell, but also the lipstick paste is cut so delicately. So their lipstick is bought separately from the shell and paste, which means: expensive. #311 is one of the best-selling red colors, and you can clearly feel that this red correction is better than #999, which is very suitable for Asian girls, showing white skin, and most importantly, it can’t moisturize dry skin! Many beauty bloggers also love it, and there are many folk color trials. The effect of Bo Tu and Houtu is very different. One is suitable for everyday life and the other is suitable for marriage (many "bride colors" are made of it).

　　YSL pure lipstick (gold tube lipstick) #01 is red.

　　￥320.00

　　It is neither too warm nor too cold, that is, it is exactly right red. YSL is robbed of the limited edition #01 every time it comes out. The gold tube lipstick is characterized by excellent durability. Drinking water and eating won’t have much impact, but it shows a little lip lines.

　　Christian Louboutin Velvet Matte Lipstick #500 #510

　　$85.00

　　Red-soled shoes’ lipstick is to rob money. Anyone who looks like it will like it, and anyone who looks at the price will bite his teeth. Here we recommend two darker menstruation colors: #500 and #510. After all, such a proud appearance needs to be matched with a more proud lip color to perfectly reflect its distinctive tone.

　　In addition, Christian Louboutin also launched a lip glaze version of radish diced this year:

　　I recommend "full of blood" big red #Altressa, but the texture of CL’s lip glaze is very high-profile, which can reach a super bright and shiny level with one touch, and it has a lacquered texture, but it is reported that it is much brighter than Armani’s clarinet lacquered lip glaze. For daily use, I suggest Bo Tu. It’s a little sticky, but practical generally focuses on collection.　

　　MAC bullet lipstick #Ruby Woo

　　It is said to be the best-selling red lipstick in the United States, because its cost performance is also because it is Rihanna’s favorite color number! The texture of retro matte is unique, but the most special thing is its bright blues red, which is different from other warm reds and more modern than rose red. Finding Ruby Woo is as surprising as finding pebbles on a gravel-strewn beach. Of course, some people will think that its texture is dry, which may be a common problem of all matte lipsticks.

　　Summarized so many different styles of red lips, which one do you like best?

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 2nd　Title: Concentrate on your heart and cast your soul for revival — — Written on the occasion of the start of the theme education of studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Zhu Jichai, Ding Xiaoxi, Wang Ziming and Gao Lei

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) people rely on learning to go to today, and they will inevitably rely on learning to go to the future.

　　On March 30th, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting, and decided that starting from April this year, the education on the theme of studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era will be carried out in two batches from top to bottom in the whole party. In the afternoon, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee conducted the fourth collective study on studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, so as to play an exemplary role and push the whole party to thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the theme education, laying a solid ideological and theoretical foundation.

　　Going on an expedition full of glory and dreams, the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the new era persistently use Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, to forge a soul, and use the Party’s innovative theory to unify thoughts, will and actions, and forge ahead courageously towards the grand goal of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way.

　　The ideological code for winning — — "Having the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the root of our party’s firm belief and grasp the historical initiative."

　　Yan ‘an Yang Jialing, the towering central auditorium, has become more and more heavy after years of baptism.

　　In the auditorium, there are tables and wooden chairs, just like in those days. The red slogan above the rostrum is particularly eye-catching: "March triumphantly under the banner of Mao Zedong".

　　People visit the former site of Yang Jialing Revolution in Yan ‘an, Shaanxi (photo taken on March 28th, 2021). Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Bowen photo

　　More than 70 years ago, the Communist Party of China (CPC) held a national congress in this "house built by himself" for the first time, and wrote Mao Zedong Thought on the banner of the party, and the China Revolution has since embarked on the track of victory.

　　On October 27th, 2022, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China just concluded. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led the newly elected 20th The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to come here to listen to the echo of history and realize the initial struggle and glorious tradition of the older generation of communist party people.

　　At the critical moment of marching towards the goal of the second century, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China wrote the new development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, into party constitution, and the glorious banner shone more brightly with the light of truth, providing powerful guidance for the new era and new journey.

　　Without revolutionary theory, there would be no revolutionary movement. "Having the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the root of our party’s firm belief and grasp the historical initiative."

　　Turning over the century-long movement of storms and thunder, every time at a major historical juncture, it is always accompanied by a leap of thought, leading our cause from victory to new victory.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, with the Supreme Leader as the main representative, have persisted in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture. With great political wisdom and theoretical courage, they have created the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era and opened up a new realm of China-oriented Marxism.

　　From the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which summarized the main contents of this brilliant thought with "Ten Definitions", "Fourteen Persistences" and "Thirteen Achievements", to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which profoundly expounded the world outlook methodology of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era and the standpoint and viewpoint method running through it & HELIP; … The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era has been constantly enriched and developed, marking a new height of the development of Marxism with original theoretical contributions, and guiding the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation into an irreversible historical process.

　　"Why can the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Socialism with Chinese characteristics be good? In the final analysis, it is a Marxist line, a Marxist line with China modernization."

　　Facts have eloquently proved that the great changes in the new era in the past ten years lie in having the Supreme Leader as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the core of the whole party at the helm and under the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　On March 1, 2019, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally taught the "first lesson" for the training class of young and middle-aged cadres of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), focusing on studying and implementing the party’s innovation theory:

　　"To study Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we should deeply understand and understand its significance of the times, theory, practice and world, and deeply understand its core essence, spiritual essence, rich connotation and practical requirements."

　　Treat science with a scientific attitude and pursue truth with the spirit of truth. This is the ideological code that the Communist Party of China (CPC) people always walk in the forefront of the times — —

　　将最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想写入党章、载入宪法，作为党和国家必须长期坚持的指导思想，为强国建设、民族复兴提供行动指南；

　　以党的历史决议的方式，明确最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想“是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华”，强调“两个确立”对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义；

　　在党的二十大报告中，设专章集中阐释“开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界”，要求全党把握好最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，坚持好、运用好贯穿其中的立场观点方法。

　　党员在上海中共一大纪念馆里重温入党誓词（2021年6月3日摄）。新华社记者 刘颖 摄

　　理论创新每前进一步，理论武装就跟进一步。这是中国共产党人依靠学习走向未来的理论自觉——

　　党的二十大提出，坚持不懈用最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，明确要求以县处级以上领导干部为重点在全党深入开展主题教育；

　　党的二十届一中全会强调，学懂弄通做实最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想，要求把这一思想贯彻落实到党和国家工作各方面全过程；

　　The Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made it clear that in-depth study and implementation of the education on the theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the supreme leader in the whole party should be scientifically planned and carefully organized, and theoretical study and application should be strengthened to achieve tangible results.

　　Focus on the overall situation and make far-reaching plans.

　　Under the guidance and promotion of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, a major deployment for comprehensively implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, mobilizing all Party comrades to unite and struggle for the completion of the Party’s central tasks, and deepening the new great project of Party building in the new era is in full swing.

　　A consistent ideological baptism — — "Whenever the CPC Central Committee makes major decisions and arrangements, we call on all party comrades to strengthen their study."

　　The spring breeze is blowing on your face, and the vegetation is spreading. In the north square of the main building of the Central Party School, a giant statue consisting of a sitting statue of Marx and a standing statue of Engels is bathed in the warm sun.

　　The campus, the red walls and green tiles, the arched roof and the yellow brick-faced party school auditorium, with its cave-like architectural style in northern Shaanxi, interpret the distinctive gene that our party attaches great importance to theoretical armed forces.

　　Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (photo taken on February 27th, 2023). Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Heshe

　　In February this year, in this auditorium, a seminar on studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era and the Party’s Twentieth Spiritual Congress was held. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the latest major achievement of Chinese modernization, a scientific socialism.

　　Ideological construction is the basic construction of the party, and building the party ideologically and strengthening the party theoretically is the key to maintaining the vitality of the century-old party.

　　"Insisting on arming the whole party, guiding practice and promoting work with the latest achievements in the modernization of Marxism in China is an important experience for our party to create history and achieve brilliant achievements."

　　Whether it is the rectification movement in Yan ‘an period, the comprehensive party consolidation in the early days of reform and opening up, the "three stresses" education in the 1990s, or the in-depth study and practice of Scientific Outlook on Development activities since the new century, generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have continuously improved their theoretical level and practical ability in their study and education.

　　The light of truth shines on the road ahead, and the baptism of thought is consistent.

　　On November 9, 2022, applause came from the study room of party member in Lianhua Village, Muyun Street, Changsha City, Hunan Province. The members of the Central Propaganda Group to study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress sat together with party member cadres and grassroots people to give theoretical lectures. The form of grounding gas and vivid mass language have aroused strong resonance.

　　In a series of exchanges and interactions, the Central Propaganda Group made clear the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, thoroughly expounded the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and promoted the Party’s innovative theory to fly into the homes of ordinary people.

　　It is a compulsory course for communist party people to carry out theoretical study and accept ideological baptism, and it is also the meaning of carrying out centralized education within the party.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that "all previous centralized education activities of the Party started with ideological education, and focused on solving the problems of not in-depth study, disunity of thoughts and inability to keep up with actions".

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has faced up to the new situation, new tasks and new challenges, and made it the fundamental task of the party’s ideological construction to build a soul with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, and promoted the interlocking and secondary development of centralized education within the party — —

　　In 2013, taking the people’s pragmatism and incorruptibility as the main content, the party’s mass line education practice activities carried out study and education throughout, constantly strengthened theoretical arms, and added spiritual motivation to solve practical problems;

　　In 2015, the special education of "three strictness and three realities" was carried out among leading cadres at or above the county level, and the study and implementation of the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary was the top priority, making "strictness" and "reality" a lifelong habit and conscious pursuit;

　　In 2016, the "two studies and one doing" study and education put the party’s ideological construction in the first place, and the inner-party education expanded from "key minority" to the vast party member, from centralized education to regular education;

　　In 2019, on the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the founding of New China, the theme education of "Do not forget your initiative mind, Keep in mind the mission" takes "theoretical study and gains" as the primary goal, and promotes the supreme leader’s new era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought to take root in party member’s heart;

　　In 2021, on the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, with the clear requirement of "learning the history of the Party, realizing ideas, doing practical things and opening up new opportunities", the study and education of the history of the Party guides all comrades to look back at the historical background, strengthen their historical confidence, grasp the historical initiative and constantly open up new opportunities.

　　Since the new era, five successive times of centralized education within the Party have been promoted layer by layer, which will continue to study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, continue to deepen the theoretical armed forces, and blow the horn of endeavor.

　　The more important the historical juncture, the more we should pay attention to and pay close attention to learning.

　　More than five years ago, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China just concluded, sprinting towards the decisive victory to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader issued a call: "To uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era requires the whole party to have a big study."

　　Five years later, shortly after the closing of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, at the critical moment of the opening of the new levy process, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "Whenever the CPC Central Committee makes major decisions and arrangements, we call on all party comrades to strengthen their study, so as to unify the party’s thoughts and actions and gather together powerful forces to overcome difficulties and forge ahead in unity. This is a successful experience of the party. "

　　The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） successfully closed in the Great Hall of the People (photo taken on October 22nd, 2022). Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei photo

　　Build a soul by learning, increase wisdom by learning, correct the wind by learning, and promote dry by learning.

　　Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, who was held on March 30th, stressed that the general requirements for this theme education are "learning ideas, strengthening party spirit, emphasizing practice and making new contributions", and the fundamental task is to persist in integrating learning with thinking, and to unify knowledge, belief and practice, so as to turn the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era into a powerful force for strengthening ideals, tempering party spirit, guiding practice and promoting work.

　　The majority of cadres in party member will take this theme education as an opportunity, learn from the source power of unremitting struggle, enhance their political wisdom of learning to think and practice, and build a dam line of defense against corruption and change, so as to go on unswervingly on the road of Chinese modernization with more determination, confidence and wisdom.

　　The majestic power of dream-by-dream rejuvenation — — "Provide strong political guidance and political guarantee for forging ahead in a new journey and building a new era"

　　"Let’s think about it together today, along the good path pointed out by the General Secretary, combined with the actual situation in the village, adapting to local conditions and making precise policies to make the days more prosperous." Shi Jintong, secretary of the Party branch of Shibadong Village, Huayuan County, Hunan Province, sat around with the villagers on the courtyard dam paved with bluestone slabs, learning ideas, discussing village conditions and seeking development.

　　More than nine years ago, it was here that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader first put forward the important concept of "precise poverty alleviation", which opened up the great changes in this deep mountain Miao village. Nowadays, the general secretary’s series of important expositions on the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy have become the "golden key" for everyone to get rich.

　　This is the activity scene of "Courtyard Dam Lecture Hall" in Shibadong Village, Huayuan County, Hunan Province, which was filmed on November 15th, 2022. Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Zhenhai photo

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "If our cadres want to make progress, our party wants to make progress, our country wants to make progress, and our nation wants to make progress, we must vigorously develop the wind of learning, persist in learning, learning and re-learning, and persist in practice, practice and re-practice."

　　当前，我国发展面临新的战略机遇、新的战略任务、新的战略阶段、新的战略要求、新的战略环境。

　　置身于民族复兴的关键一程，面对着加速演进的百年变局，推进着前无古人的伟大事业，唯有用科学理论武装头脑，方能坚定信仰信念、把握历史主动；唯有凝聚在真理的旗帜下，才能不惧惊涛骇浪、坚定勇毅前行。

　　学习贯彻最高领袖新时代中国特色社会主义思想是新时代新征程开创事业发展新局面的根本要求。

　　参观者在陕西延安宝塔山参观（2021年3月30日摄）。新华社记者 张博文 摄

　　为学之先，须明方向。

　　巍巍秦岭，山静林幽。秦岭脚下的陕西省西安市鄠邑区秦岭保护总站大厅内，“绿水青山就是金山银山”的标语分外醒目。

　　站在“数字秦岭”智慧管控平台前，负责人王希琴监控着区域内15个沿山峪口峪道的实时画面，以便及时发现并处置乱搭乱建、乱砍滥伐、乱捕乱猎等问题。

　　“生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。秦岭是中华民族的祖脉，保护好秦岭就是我们的政治任务。”王希琴说，将和同事们一起继续深入学习贯彻最高领袖生态文明思想，以更自觉的行动当好“秦岭生态卫士”。

　　Political firmness is inseparable from theoretical sobriety.

　　In 1938, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in Yan ‘an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University that "the first thing is to learn a political direction". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted this sentence when he visited the memorial site of Yan ‘an Revolution, profoundly stating the essence of studying and carrying forward Yan ‘an spirit.

　　Constantly deepening the study and implementation of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is to push the whole party to more consciously and profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "two establishment", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two maintenance", and maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee in ideological and political actions.

　　For the reality of learning, it is solid in practice.

　　Learn to convey the spirit of the important speech delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress and devote himself to tackling the "stuck neck" problem … … After returning to work from Beijing, Shan Zenghai, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chief engineer of Xugong Group Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., had a full schedule.

　　"When attending the deliberation of our Jiangsu delegation, the General Secretary stressed that accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is the only way to promote high-quality development. At any time, China cannot lack manufacturing. " Shan Zenghai said that we should follow the development path guided by the General Secretary, intensify efforts to tackle key technical problems, and make China Crane’s position in the world more and more important.

　　The value of theory lies in guiding practice, and the purpose of learning lies in application.

　　"The CPC Central Committee has decided to carry out investigation and research in the whole party as an important part of the theme education carried out in the whole party". Not long ago, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC’s "Work Plan on Developing Investigation and Research in the Whole Party" aroused widespread concern.

　　The plan highlights problem orientation and goal orientation, closely focuses on comprehensively implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and promoting high-quality development, and clearly lists the key research contents in 12 aspects.

　　Problems are the voice of the times, and answering and guiding the solution of problems is the fundamental task of theory.

　　Constantly deepening the study and implementation of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era means strengthening the mastery and application of the Party’s innovation theory, applying it to the implementation of the major strategic deployment put forward by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, being good at observing, grasping and leading the times by using the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, being good at using this thought to promote Chinese modernization and make new progress and breakthroughs, being good at solving various contradictions and problems in economic and social development, being good at using this thought to prevent and resolve major risks, and being good at using this thought in depth.

　　For the sake of learning, it is important to win by yourself.

　　To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, we must make up the "calcium" of the spirit and cast the "soul" of the thought.

　　The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era not only contains the great theory and general plan of the party’s governing the country, but also runs through the requirements of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political character, value pursuit, spiritual realm, style and ethics, and contains profound strength of truth, practice and personality.

　　Constantly deepening the study and implementation of the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is to promote the party’s self-revolution, always remain sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party, guide the broad masses of party member cadres to put their own thoughts into it actively, learn and master a series of requirements of the party’s innovation theory on strengthening ideals and beliefs, improving ideological realm and strengthening party spirit training, always maintain the political nature of communist party people, and embark on a new journey and create new great achievements with unified thoughts, firm will, coordinated actions and strong combat effectiveness.

　　In the past, thousands of splendors have been displayed, and in the Ming Dynasty, they have made even greater progress.

　　The light of truth shines, and the upward force spreads on every inch of vibrant land, stretching infinitely towards the future.

　　Poster design: Sun Yao

　　Climate demonstrators gathered outside the US Department of the Interior building (video screenshot)

　　Overseas Network October 15th According to US media reports, on the 14th local time, climate demonstrators who continued to protest in Washington, USA, broke into the building of the US Interior Department and clashed with the police, resulting in many injuries among the protesters and security personnel.

　　According to the news from Washington post and Newsweek, demonstrators tried to "occupy" the US Department of the Interior, and dozens of people broke into the main building of the Ministry of the Interior. At the same time, demonstrators who planned to control a gate clashed with the police and once tried to break through the security cordon. The demonstrators said they wanted to have a dialogue with Interior Minister Harland, but Harland himself was not in Washington at that time.

　　Photos and videos circulating on the Internet show dozens of climate demonstrators, including indigenous leaders, sitting hand in hand in the building. Demonstrators also tweeted in the building, saying that the police were making arrests. A spokesman for the US Department of the Interior said in a statement that many people were injured in the security team and a policeman was taken to hospital for treatment. Some demonstrators said that they were injured by the police when they tried to enter the building.

　　According to reports, in addition to the US Department of the Interior, climate demonstrators also gathered outside the American Chamber of Commerce on the same day to protest. The US media pointed out that as of the 14th, relevant demonstrations had been held in Washington for four days. Demonstrators demanded that the US government stop approving fossil fuel projects and declared a national climate emergency. (Overseas Network/Zhang Ni Internship Compilation/Zhao Jianxing)

　　CCTV News:According to the WeChat official account news of the National Data Bureau, in order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Central Economic Work Conference, give full play to the multiplier effect of data elements, and empower economic and social development, the National Data Bureau recently joined the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the National Health and Wellness Commission, the Emergency Management Department, the People’s Bank of China, the General Administration of Financial Supervision, the National Medical Insurance Bureau, the China Academy of Sciences, and China 2026) (Guo Shu Policy [2023] No.11, hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan).

　　The Action Plan focuses on promoting the high-level application of data elements, focusing on promoting the collaborative optimization, reuse and efficiency improvement of data elements, and bringing into play the role of integration and innovation, strengthening the demand traction of scenarios, driving the high-quality supply, compliance and efficient circulation of data elements, cultivating new industries, new models and new kinetic energy, fully realizing the value of data elements, and providing strong support for promoting high-quality development and promoting Chinese modernization. The Action Plan emphasizes four basic principles: demand-driven, pragmatic, pilot first, key breakthrough, effective market, promising government, open integration, safety and order, and defines the work target by the end of 2026.

　　The Action Plan selects 12 industries and fields, including industrial manufacturing, modern agriculture, commerce and trade circulation, transportation, financial services, scientific and technological innovation, cultural tourism, medical and health care, emergency management, meteorological services, urban governance and green low carbon, to promote the multiplier effect of data elements and release the value of data elements. The Action Plan strengthens the support from three aspects: improving data supply level, optimizing data circulation environment and strengthening data security.

　　In the next step, the National Bureau of Data will work with relevant departments to strengthen organizational leadership, carry out pilot work, promote competition to promote use, strengthen financial support, strengthen publicity and promotion, and ensure that all work is implemented.

"Data Elements ×" Three-year Action Plan

（2024— 2026)

It is an inevitable requirement to promote high-quality development to give full play to the amplification, superposition and multiplication of data elements and build a digital economy with data as the key element. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Central Economic Work Conference, implement the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Building a Basic Data System to Give Full Play to the Role of Data Elements, give full play to the multiplier effect of data elements, and empower economic and social development, this action plan is specially formulated.

First, activate the potential of data elements

With the further development of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the value of data as a key factor of production has become increasingly prominent. Giving full play to the characteristics of increasing returns and low-cost reuse of data elements can optimize resource allocation, empower the real economy, develop new quality productivity, and promote profound changes in production and life, economic development and social governance, which is of great significance to promoting high-quality development.

In recent years, China’s digital economy has developed rapidly, the scale and energy level of digital infrastructure have greatly jumped, and digital technology and industrial system have become increasingly mature, laying a solid foundation for better playing the role of data elements. At the same time, there are also problems such as low quality of data supply, poor circulation mechanism and insufficient release of application potential. The implementation of the "Data Factor X" action is to give full play to the multiple advantages of China’s super-large-scale market, massive data resources and rich application scenarios, promote the synergy between data factors and labor, capital and other factors, lead the technology flow, capital flow, talent flow and material flow with data flow, break through the constraints of traditional resource factors and improve the total factor productivity; Promote multi-scenario application and multi-agent reuse of data, cultivate new products and services based on data elements, realize knowledge diffusion and value multiplication, and open up new space for economic growth; Accelerate the integration of multiple data, expand data scale and enrich data types, promote the innovation and upgrading of production tools, give birth to new industries and models, and cultivate new kinetic energy for economic development.

Second, the overall requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, give full play to the role of data as a basic resource and an innovation engine, follow the development law of digital economy, focus on promoting the high-level application of data elements, focus on promoting the collaborative optimization, reuse and synergy of data elements, and strengthen the traction of scene demand. Drive the high-quality supply, compliance and efficient circulation of data elements, cultivate new industries, new models and new kinetic energy, fully realize the value of data elements, and provide strong support for promoting high-quality development and promoting Chinese modernization.

(2) Basic principles

Demand traction, pay attention to practical results. Focus on key industries and fields, explore typical application scenarios of data elements, cultivate data quotient, prosper the ecology of data industry, and encourage all kinds of subjects to actively participate in the development and utilization of data elements.

Pilot first, key breakthrough. Strengthen the pilot work and explore diversified and sustainable ways to release the value of data elements. Promote the first breakthrough and play a leading role in areas with rich data resources, strong driving force and broad prospects.

Effective market, promising government. Give full play to the role of market mechanism, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises and promote the effective allocation of data resources. Give full play to the role of the government, expand the supply of public data resources, safeguard fairness and justice, and create a good development environment.

Open and integrated, safe and orderly. Promote the high-level opening up of the digital economy, strengthen international exchanges and mutual learning, and promote the orderly cross-border flow of data. Adhere to the security throughout the whole process of creating and realizing the value of data elements, and strictly abide by the bottom line of data security.

(III) Overall objectives

By the end of 2026, the breadth and depth of application of data elements will be greatly expanded, and the multiplier effect of data elements will be revealed in the field of economic development. More than 300 typical application scenarios with strong demonstration, high display and wide driving will be created, and a number of demonstration areas with obvious results will emerge, and a group of data vendors and third-party professional service organizations with strong innovation ability and good growth will be cultivated to form a relatively perfect data industry ecology. The quality and efficiency of data products and services have been significantly improved. The average annual growth rate of the data industry has exceeded 20%. On-exchange transactions and off-exchange transactions have developed in a coordinated manner, and the scale of data transactions has doubled. The new format that promotes the value creation of data elements has become a new driving force for economic growth, and the role of data empowerment in improving quality and efficiency has become more prominent, becoming an important driving force for high-quality development.

Iii. key actions

(4) Data elements × industrial manufacturing 　　

Innovative research and development mode, support industrial manufacturing enterprises to integrate design, simulation and experimental verification data, cultivate new data-driven product research and development mode, and enhance the innovation ability of enterprises. Promote collaborative manufacturing, promote the construction of product master data standard ecosystem, support chain owners to open up upstream and downstream design, planning, quality, logistics and other data of supply chain, and realize agile and flexible collaborative manufacturing. Improve service capabilities, support enterprises to integrate design, production and operation data, improve predictive maintenance and value-added services, and extend the value chain. Strengthen regional linkage, support the circulation of production capacity, procurement, inventory and logistics data, strengthen the coordination of manufacturing resources between regions, promote the complementarity of regional industrial advantages, and enhance the monitoring and early warning capability of industrial chain supply chain. Develop enabling technology, promote multi-scene reuse of manufacturing data, support manufacturing enterprises to join software enterprises, actively explore multi-dimensional innovative applications based on data such as design, simulation, experiment, production and operation, and develop new industrial software and equipment in terms of creative design, virtual and real integration experiment and intelligent unmanned equipment.

(5) Data elements × modern agriculture

Improve the level of digital intelligence in agricultural production, support agricultural production and operation entities and related service enterprises to integrate and utilize remote sensing, meteorology, soil, agricultural operations, disasters, crop diseases and insect pests, animal diseases, markets and other data, accelerate the creation of digital intelligence scenarios in agricultural production supported by data and models, and realize precision planting, precision breeding, precision fishing and other intelligent agricultural operations, and support the improvement of production efficiency of grain and important agricultural products. Improve the traceability management ability of agricultural products, support third-party entities to gather and use data such as the origin, production, processing and quality inspection of agricultural products, support traceability management and precision marketing of agricultural products, and enhance consumer trust. Promote the innovation of industrial chain data integration, support third-party entities to provide services such as intelligent breeding, intelligent fishing, production and marketing docking, disease prevention and control, market information, cross-regional operation, etc. for agricultural production and operation entities, open up data such as production, sales and processing, and provide one-stop procurement and supply chain finance services. Cultivate a new model of demand-based production, support the integration analysis and application of agricultural and commercial circulation data, and encourage e-commerce platforms, agricultural products wholesale markets, supermarkets and logistics enterprises to feed back agricultural products information to agricultural products producers, processors and consumers based on sales data analysis, so as to improve the matching ability between supply and demand of agricultural products. Improve the anti-risk ability of agricultural production, support the integration, analysis, release and application of data on production capacity, transportation, processing, trade and consumption in the fields of grain, pigs, fruits and vegetables, strengthen agricultural monitoring and early warning, and provide support for coping with natural disasters, epidemic spread and price fluctuations.

(6) Data elements × trade circulation

Expand new consumption, encourage the deep integration of e-commerce platform with various business entities and related service enterprises, build a closed-loop consumption ecology integrating data collection, analysis, decision-making, accurate push and dynamic feedback based on market environment data such as passenger flow, consumption behavior, traffic conditions and human characteristics, promote the innovative development of live e-commerce, instant e-commerce and other formats, support innovative application scenarios in various business circles, and cultivate consumption patterns of digital life. Cultivate new formats, support e-commerce enterprises, national e-commerce demonstration bases, and traditional business circulation enterprises to strengthen data integration, integrate data such as order demand, logistics, production capacity, and supply chain, optimize the allocation of industrial chain resources, and create an industrial collaborative innovation ecosystem that responds quickly to the market. Create new brands, support e-commerce enterprises and commercial enterprises to actively connect production enterprises and industrial clusters based on data such as order quantity, order type and population distribution, strengthen production and marketing docking and accurate push, and help to create distinctive brands. Promote internationalization, encourage e-commerce enterprises, modern circulation enterprises and leading digital trade enterprises to integrate transaction, logistics and payment data under the premise of safety compliance, and support the improvement of supply chain integrated services, cross-border identity authentication, global supply chain financing and other capabilities.

(7) Data elements × transportation

Improve the efficiency of multimodal transport, promote the sharing and mutual recognition of freight forwarding data, waybill data, settlement data, insurance data and freight tracking data, and realize the shipper’s one-time entrustment, one-time settlement of expenses, one-time insurance of goods and the multimodal transport operator’s full responsibility. Promote the facilitation of shipping trade, promote the credible and integrated application of shipping trade data and electronic invoice verification, business entity identity verification, customs declaration and inspection status data, and accelerate the promotion of electronic bills of lading, letters of credit, electronic delivery and other business applications. Improve the shipping service capacity, support the integration of data such as marine geo-space, satellite remote sensing, positioning navigation and meteorology with the data of ship navigation position, water area, speed and loading and unloading operation, and innovate the applications such as anti-collision of commercial fishing vessels, shipping route planning and port intelligent security inspection. Excavate the value of data reuse, integrate key vehicle data such as "two passengers and one danger" and online freight, and build high-quality dynamic data sets covering vehicle operation behavior and accident statistics to provide data support for differentiated credit, insurance services and used car consumption. Support leading transportation enterprises to promote the construction and reuse of high-quality data sets, strengthen the application of artificial intelligence tools, and help enterprises improve transportation efficiency. Promote the innovative development of intelligent networked vehicles, support self-driving vehicles to carry out commercial trial operation pilots in specific areas and at specific time periods, break through data barriers between car companies, third-party platforms, transportation companies and other entities, promote the integration and application of multi-source data such as road infrastructure data, traffic flow data and driving behavior data, and improve the level of innovative services and active safety prevention and control of smart cars.

(VIII) Data Elements × Financial Services

Improve the level of financial services, support financial institutions to integrate and utilize data such as science and technology, environmental protection, industry and commerce, taxation, meteorology, consumption, medical care, social security, agriculture and rural areas, water and electricity, strengthen subject identification, optimize credit business management, insurance product design and underwriting claims services according to laws and regulations, and improve the level of financial services in the real economy. Improve financial risk resistance, promote the development of digital finance, promote the sharing and efficient circulation of financial credit data, public credit data and commercial credit data under the premise of legal safety and compliance, support the sharing of risk control data among financial institutions, integrate and analyze multidimensional data such as financial markets, credit assets and risk verification, give play to the driving role of financial technology and data elements, support and improve the anti-fraud and anti-money laundering capabilities of financial institutions, and improve the level of risk warning and prevention.

(9) Data elements × scientific and technological innovation

Promote the orderly and open sharing of scientific data, promote the interconnection of all kinds of scientific data generated by major scientific and technological infrastructure and major scientific and technological projects, support and cultivate the construction of scientific databases with international influence, and strengthen the construction of high-quality scientific data resources and scene applications based on platforms such as the National Scientific Data Center. With scientific data to help cutting-edge research, oriented to basic disciplines, provide high-quality scientific data resources and knowledge services, and drive scientific innovation and discovery. Support technological innovation with scientific data, focus on biological breeding, new material creation, drug research and development and other fields, and accelerate technological innovation and industrial upgrading with the integration of numbers and intelligence. Support large-scale model development with scientific data, dig deep into all kinds of scientific data and scientific literature, build a scientific knowledge resource base through fine-grained knowledge extraction and multi-source knowledge fusion, build a high-quality corpus and basic scientific data set, and support the development and training of artificial intelligence large models. Explore new paradigms of scientific research, fully rely on various databases and knowledge bases, promote interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborative innovation, discover new laws and create new knowledge with data drive, and accelerate the transformation of scientific research paradigms.

(X) Data Elements Cultural Tourism

Cultivate new cultural and creative products, promote the open sharing and trading of data resources such as cultural relics, ancient books, fine arts, operas, intangible cultural heritage and national folk literature and art according to law, support business entities in the fields of cultural creativity, tourism and exhibition to strengthen data development and utilization, and cultivate products and brands with China cultural characteristics. Excavate the value of cultural data, connect the data centers of various cultural institutions, form a Chinese cultural database, and encourage the development of cultural models based on market-oriented mechanisms. Improve the level of protection and utilization of cultural relics, promote the integration and sharing of cultural relics disease data, protection and restoration data, safety supervision data and cultural relics circulation data, and support the realization of cultural relics protection and restoration, monitoring and early warning, precise management, emergency response, interpretation and dissemination. Improve the level of tourism services, support tourism operators to share meteorological, traffic and other data, build portraits of customers and cities under the premise of legal compliance, and optimize tourism supporting services and one-stop travel services. Improve the ability of tourism governance, support cultural and tourist sites to share public security, transportation, meteorology, licenses and other data, and support "certificate-free" ticket purchase, crowd monitoring and early warning, emergency rescue, etc.

(eleven) data elements × medical health

Improve the convenience of people seeking medical treatment, explore and promote the sharing of electronic medical record data, and promote the unification, sharing and mutual recognition of inspection results data standards among medical institutions. Convenient medical claims settlement, support medical institutions to carry out medical treatment first and then pay for medical treatment based on credit data. Promote medical insurance and convenient services. Explore and promote the integration and application of medical insurance and commercial health insurance data according to laws and regulations, improve the level of insurance services, and promote the coordinated development of basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance. Orderly release the value of health care data, improve personal health data files, integrate physical examination, medical treatment, disease control and other data, and innovate public service models such as data-driven occupational disease monitoring and public health event early warning. Strengthen the integration and innovation of medical data, support public medical institutions to share data with financial, pension and other business entities under the premise of legal compliance, support the accurate design of commercial insurance products, recuperation and other service products, and expand new data application modes and formats such as smart medical care and smart health management. Improve the development level of Chinese medicine, strengthen the multi-source data fusion of the whole process of health services such as prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of Chinese medicine, support the systematic analysis of curative effect, drug interaction, indications and safety of Chinese medicine, and promote the high-quality development of Chinese medicine.

(12) Data elements × emergency management

Improve the ability of safety production supervision, explore the use of power, communication, remote sensing, fire protection and other data, and realize the accurate supervision of enterprises in high-risk industries and the intelligent monitoring of urban fires. Encourage social insurance enterprises to study and establish an assessment model of safety production liability insurance around high-risk industries such as mines and dangerous chemicals, develop new types of insurance, and improve the accuracy and scientificity of risk assessment. Improve the ability of natural disaster monitoring and evaluation, use public data such as iron towers, electric power and meteorology to develop natural disaster monitoring and evaluation models, and strengthen the ability of accurate early warning and judgment of disaster risks. Strengthen the fusion analysis of monitoring data such as seismic activity, crustal deformation and underground fluid, and improve the level of earthquake prediction and early warning. Improve the ability of emergency coordination and sharing, promote cross-regional sharing of data such as disasters and accidents, materials and equipment, special operations personnel, and safety production and operation licenses, and improve the efficiency of collaborative linkage between supervision and law enforcement and rescue and disposal.

(13) Data elements × meteorological services

Reduce the impact of extreme weather and climate events, support the integration and application of economic, social, ecological environment, natural resources, agriculture and rural areas and meteorological data, realize a new intelligent decision-making model integrating climate change risk identification, risk assessment, risk early warning and risk transfer, and prevent and resolve climate risks in key industries and industries. Support the deep integration of meteorological data with construction data such as urban planning and major projects, and prevent and mitigate the impact of extreme weather and unfavorable meteorological conditions on planning and projects from the source. Innovate meteorological data products and services, support financial enterprises to integrate and apply meteorological data, develop weather index insurance, weather derivatives and new products for climate investment and financing, and provide support for insurance and futures. Support new energy enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency, support wind energy and solar energy enterprises to integrate meteorological data, and optimize site selection and layout, equipment operation and maintenance, and energy scheduling.

(14) Data Elements × Urban Governance

Optimize urban management methods, promote multi-dimensional data integration of people, places, things, things, feelings and organizations in cities, support scene applications in various fields such as public health, traffic management, public safety, ecological environment, grassroots governance and sports events, and realize real-time situational awareness, intelligent risk judgment and timely collaborative disposal. Support the scientific decision-making of urban development, support the use of urban time and space foundation, resource survey, planning control, engineering construction projects, Internet of Things perception and other data to help urban planning, construction, management, service and other strategies refined and intelligent. Promote the popularization of public services, deepen the sharing and application of public data, and further promote services such as employment, social security, health, sanitation, medical care, assistance, old-age care, disability assistance, and childcare. Strengthen regional collaborative governance, promote urban agglomeration data access and business collaboration, and realize cross-city communication of service matters such as registration of business entities, settlement of medical treatment in different places, and mutual transfer of endowment insurance.

(15) Data elements × green and low carbon

Improve the fine level of ecological environment management, promote the integrated application of meteorological, water conservancy, transportation, electric power and other data, and support meteorological and hydrological coupling forecasting, disaster analysis, river and lake shoreline monitoring, emergency response to sudden water events, heavy pollution weather response, and fine management of urban water environment. Strengthen the integration and innovation of ecological environment public data, support enterprises to integrate and apply their own data and ecological environment public data, optimize environmental risk assessment, and support the design of environmental pollution liability insurance and green credit services. Improve energy efficiency, promote the integration and innovation of manufacturing and energy data, promote energy enterprises and high-energy enterprises to get through data such as orders, production scheduling and electricity consumption, and support applications such as energy consumption forecasting, multi-energy complementarity and gradient pricing. Improve the utilization efficiency of waste resources, gather data of solid waste collection, transfer, utilization and disposal, promote the efficient connection of production, transportation and resource utilization, and promote the resource utilization of solid waste and hazardous waste. Improve the level of carbon emission management, support to get through the carbon emission data of materials, auxiliary materials, energy and other industries in the whole production cycle of key products, carry out the calculation and evaluation of product carbon footprint, and guide enterprises to save energy and reduce carbon.

Fourth, strengthen security support

(sixteen) improve the level of data supply.

Improve the data resource system, promote scientific research institutions, leading enterprises and other industries to build common data resource libraries in the fields of scientific research, culture, transportation and so on, and create high-quality artificial intelligence model training data sets. Increase the supply of public data resources, organize public data authorization operations in key areas and relevant regions, and explore public data authorization mechanisms coordinated by ministries and provinces. Guide enterprises to open data, encourage market forces to tap the value of commercial data, and support innovative applications of social data integration. Improve the standard system, strengthen the construction of standards such as data collection and management, and jointly promote the formulation of industry standards. Strengthen supply incentives, formulate and improve the rights and interests protection rules of relevant subjects in different links such as data content collection, processing, circulation and application, and promote the rational use of personal information on the premise of protecting personal privacy.

(seventeen) optimize the data circulation environment.

Improve transaction circulation efficiency, support enterprises in the industry to jointly formulate data circulation rules and standards, focus on business needs to promote data compliance circulation, and improve data application efficiency among multi-agents. Encourage trading venues to strengthen compliance management, innovate service models, create a service ecosystem, and improve service quality. Create a safe and credible circulation environment, deepen the application of technologies such as data space, privacy computing, federal learning, blockchain and data sandbox, explore the construction of data circulation platforms in key industries and fields, enhance the credibility, controllability and measurability of data utilization, and promote data compliance and efficient circulation. Cultivate the main body of circulation services, encourage local governments to adjust measures to local conditions, build data characteristic parks and virtual parks by building or expanding the functions of existing parks, and promote the coordinated development of data vendors and third-party professional service organizations. Improve the support measures for cultivating data vendors. Promote the orderly cross-border flow of data, benchmark international high-standard economic and trade rules, continuously optimize the regulatory measures for cross-border flow of data, and support the exploration of free trade pilot zones.

(eighteen) to strengthen data security.

Implement data security laws and regulations, improve the data classification and classification protection system, implement network security level protection, key information infrastructure security protection and other systems, strengthen personal information protection, and improve the level of data security. Enrich data security products, develop refined and professional data security products for key industries and fields, develop solutions and toolkits suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, and support the development of customized and lightweight personal data security protection products. Cultivate data security services, encourage data security enterprises to carry out cloud-based security services, and effectively improve data security.

Fifth, do a good job in organizing implementation

(nineteen) to strengthen organizational leadership.

Give play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the development of digital economy, strengthen the tracking of key tasks and the implementation of tasks, and coordinate and promote cross-departmental cooperation. Industry authorities should focus on the data development and utilization needs of key industries and refine the measures to implement the action plan. Local data management departments should work with relevant departments to study and formulate implementation plans, form practical application practices of data elements according to local conditions, promote the cultivation of a number of data vendors and third-party professional service organizations, and create a good ecology.

(twenty) to carry out pilot work.

Support departments and localities to carry out policy pilots in coordination, focus on key industries and fields, study the landing measures of data resource holding right, data processing right and data product management right in combination with the needs of the scene, and explore the data circulation transaction mode. Encourage all localities to explore boldly, try first, strengthen model innovation, and sum up practical experience that can be replicated and promoted in time. Promote enterprises to carry out accounting treatment of data resources according to the unified national accounting system.

(twenty-one) to promote the use of competition.

Organize the "Data Elements ×" competition, focus on key industries and fields to build a professional competition platform, strengthen the supply of data resources, encourage all sectors of society to jointly tap market demand and improve the level of data utilization. Support all kinds of enterprises to participate in the competition, strengthen the transformation of competition results, incubate new technologies and products, cultivate new models and formats, and improve the ecology of data elements.

(22) Strengthen financial support.

Implement the pilot project of "data elements ×", and make overall use of the investment in the central budget and other funds to increase support. Encourage financial institutions to increase credit support and optimize financial services in accordance with the principle of marketization. Explore diversified investment and financing modes according to laws and regulations, play the role of relevant guiding funds and industrial funds, and guide and encourage all kinds of social capital to invest in the data industry. Support data vendors to go public for financing.

(twenty-three) to strengthen publicity.

Carry out the selection of typical cases of data element application and select a number of typical applications. Relying on the Digital China Construction Summit and various meetings, forums and activities related to data elements, we will actively publish typical cases and promote experience sharing, exchanges and cooperation. Local data management departments should dig deep into the experience and good practices in the application of data elements, make full use of all kinds of news media, increase publicity and enhance their influence.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 9 (Reporter Qu Ting) Recently, the reporter interviewed Xu Jianguo, the leader of the expert group for preliminary evaluation of pathogen test results and an academician of China Academy of Engineering, on the progress of pathogen identification of unexplained viral pneumonia in Wuhan. He said that the expert group believed that the pathogen of this unexplained viral pneumonia case was preliminarily determined to be novel coronavirus.

　　Question 1: At present, what progress has been made in the etiological identification of viral pneumonia with unknown causes in Wuhan?

　　Xu Jianguo: As of 21: 00 on January 7, 2020, a novel coronavirus was detected in the laboratory, and the whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained. By nucleic acid detection, 15 cases were found to be novel coronavirus positive, and the virus was isolated from a positive patient sample, showing a typical coronavirus morphology under the electron microscope.

　　The expert group believes that the pathogen of this unexplained viral pneumonia case was initially determined to be novel coronavirus.

　　Question 2: How was this pathogen identification organized?

　　Xu Jianguo: Tissue laboratory used genome sequencing, nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and other methods to detect the pathogens of patients’ alveolar lavage fluid, throat swab, blood and other samples.

　　Question 3: What procedures are needed to confirm the pathogen?

　　Xu Jianguo: To confirm the pathogen causing an epidemic disease, the following points should be met: (1) Suspected pathogens must be found in all patients, and pathogenic nucleic acids can be detected in patients’ clinical samples; (2) The pathogen can be successfully isolated from the clinical samples of patients; (3) Isolated pathogens can cause the same disease symptoms after infecting host animals. However, the antibody titer of the pathogen in the serum of patients in recovery period increased by 4 times, which can help to determine the pathogen.

　　The discovery of nucleic acid, genome and antibody evidence of pathogens from patients can be completed in a short time. Scientific research such as isolation and pathogenicity identification of pathogens will take several weeks. The development of specific drugs and vaccines for a new pathogen may take years to complete.

　　Question 4: What should be done next?

　　Xu Jianguo: The expert group believes that the pathogen of this unexplained viral pneumonia case is preliminarily determined as novel coronavirus, and the next step needs to be combined with etiological research, epidemiological investigation and clinical manifestations for expert judgment.

　　Question 5: What is coronavirus?

　　Xu Jianguo: Coronavirus is a kind of pathogen that mainly causes respiratory and intestinal diseases. There are many regularly arranged protrusions on the surface of this kind of virus particles, and the whole virus particle is like a crown of an emperor, hence the name "coronavirus". Besides humans, coronavirus can also infect many mammals such as pigs, cows, cats, dogs, minks, camels, bats, mice, hedgehogs and many birds. So far, there are six known human coronaviruses. Among them, four coronaviruses are common in the population, with low pathogenicity, and generally only cause mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold. Two other coronaviruses — — Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, also known as SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus, can cause serious respiratory diseases. Novel coronavirus, which caused the epidemic, is different from the human coronavirus that has been found. Further scientific research is needed to understand the virus.

Chutian Metropolis Daily news, the reporter was informed that the Criminal Investigation Corps of Hubei Provincial Public Security Bureau decided to offer a large reward for the arrest of 10 fugitives in major homicide cases. Anyone who provides effective clues to help the police catch criminal suspects will be rewarded with 50,000 to 100,000 yuan each time.

The reporter learned that in 2002, the police in Hubei Province took the lead in proposing that "the murder case must be solved". The number of murders in the province dropped from more than 1,100 in 2002 to 440 in 2015, and the detection rate rose from 90.1% to 99.32%. In recent years, the escaped murderer has become the target of strong pursuit by the police.

According to the Criminal Investigation Corps of the Provincial Public Security Department, the reporter can call the local police (attached), or call the local 110, or directly contact the police officer Wei of the Provincial Public Security Department at 18502747186. The police kept the informer’s information strictly confidential.

1. Sun Chao, a fugitive from Jingmen, offered a reward of 100,000 yuan.

Sun Chao, 46 years old, is 1.75 meters tall and weighs about 80 kilograms. His ID number is 420800197001190015, and his household registration is No.3, Floor 6, Building 128, Zone 1, Refinery Road, Duodao District, Jingmen City.

At 19 o’clock on February 26, 2016, a woman was killed in Qilipu residential area in Duodao District, and Sun Chao was the suspect.

Reporting telephone number: 13972876239, police officer Chai of Jingmen Public Security Bureau.

2. He Qiang, a fugitive from Suizhou, offered a reward of 100,000 yuan.

He Qiang, 43 years old, nicknamed "Dung Dung", is 1.8 meters tall, burly, with short hair, a Chinese face and a beard. His ID number is 42900119731115417, and his household registration address is No.13, Group 9, Shibanhe Village, Wanhe Town, Suixian County.

At 15 o’clock on December 3, 2015, a gun murder case occurred in Group 10 of Shibanhe Village, Taibaiding Management Committee of Sui County, resulting in one death and one injury. He Qiang is the suspect.

Reporting telephone number: 18086268355, officer Li of Suizhou Public Security Bureau.

3. Wuhan fugitive Ye Chaogui offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Ye Chaogui, alias Chen Jianming, nicknamed "Lei Pangzi", is about 51 years old, about 1.70 meters tall, overweight, with a Sichuan accent and can speak Wuhan dialect. I like to live in vacant houses, houses to be demolished, small hotels, leisure squares, bazaars, construction sites and other areas.

On July 3, 2014, a woman was killed at No.388 Shuangfeng Avenue, Qianchuan Street, huangpi district, Wuhan. Ye Chaogui was the suspect, and the police had been tracking her for many years.

Tel: (027)85395140, Criminal Investigation Detachment of Wuhan Public Security Bureau.

4. Wuhan fugitive Zhang Yong offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Zhang Yong, 53 years old, 1.80m tall, ID number 42010419630218165X, and domicile: No.5, 5th floor, No.307 Renshou Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan.

On December 5, 2011, a murder case occurred on the 8th floor of Unit 1, Building 1, No.67 Yanma New Village, Jianghan District, Wuhan, with Zhang Yong as the suspect.

Tel: (027)85395140, Criminal Investigation Detachment of Wuhan Public Security Bureau.

5. Xiangyang fugitive He Dequan offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

He Dequan, 36 years old, lives in Qingwan Village, Zijin Town, Gucheng County. He is about 1.70 meters tall, with a medium figure and an obvious sunken scar on his left eyebrow bone.

In the early morning of December 12, 2012, a murder case occurred in Shihua Town, Gucheng County. He Dequan fled after committing the crime.

Reporting telephone number: 13907271897, Shang police officer of Xiangyang Public Security Bureau.

6. Jingzhou fugitive Zhang Hu offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Zhang Hu, 50 years old, lives in Tonghuiqiao Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City. He is about 1.70 meters tall and has a medium posture.

In the early morning of June 26th, 2011, a murder case occurred in Chengxi Market, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, and Zhang Hu fled after committing the crime.

Reporting telephone number: 13807211895, police officer Xu of Jingzhou Public Security Bureau.

7. Yichang fugitive Yang Ziyong offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Yang Ziyong, 44, with a Henan accent, is registered in dayangzhuang, dayangzhuang Administrative Village, Gaoxian Township, Taikang County, Henan Province.

At 19: 21 on October 10, 2012, a murder case occurred in Pailou Village, Lianghekou Town, Zigui County, Yichang City. Yang Ziyong was the suspect.

Reporting telephone number: 0717-2867110, police officer Wu of Yichang Public Security Bureau.

8. Yichang fugitive Zheng Lun offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Zheng Lun, 45 years old, is registered at No.2-2 Lixing Third Street, Wujiagang District, Yichang City. He is about 1.72 meters tall, with a medium figure, balding, wearing wigs, hats and short-sighted glasses. Id number 42050019710127181X.

On July 18th, 2010, an intentional homicide occurred at No.303 Dongshan Avenue, Wujiagang District, Yichang City. Zheng Lun is the suspect.

Reporting telephone number: 0717-6903932, police officer Zhao of Yichang Public Security Bureau.

9. Feng Haibing, a fugitive from Huanggang, offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Feng Haibing, 45 years old, once known as Feng Zheng, is 1.71 meters tall, with Huanggang Tuanfeng accent, and his household registration address is Fengjiawan, Dandian Town, Tuanfeng County, Huanggang City. His ID number is 422103197102276312. Feng Haibing likes to play chess, browse current events and military news. He once worked as a bricklayer in a construction site, worked as a potter in a ceramic factory, and had blasting skills.

On December 9, 2002, the criminal suspect Feng Haibing fled after killing Feng Moumou in Fengjiawan Village, Dandian Town, Tuanfeng County; On July 4, 2013, Feng Haibing sneaked back to the village and brutally killed Feng’s younger brother, Feng Mou. The reason was actually a dispute between landlords in 1998.

Reporting telephone number: 18971719316, officer Long of Huanggang Public Security Bureau.

10. Zhang Yongjun, a fugitive from Huanggang, offered a reward of 50,000 yuan.

Zhang Yongjun, 41 years old, registered at No.9 Hutun Natural Village, Taoyuan Administrative Village, Zhaozhuang Town, Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province, with ID number of 342222197505243210, round face and Anhui accent.

On November 4, 1999, the criminal suspect Zhang Yongjun and others rented Lou’s rental van in Macheng District, killed Lou and snatched the van.

Reporting telephone number: 18995739222. Officer Rao of Huanggang Public Security Bureau.

[Major case extension | Two special fugitives have a big bottom]

Ye Chaogui, No.3 fugitive: The hiding is particularly deep.

He escaped from prison in Chongqing 20 years ago for rape.

Ye Chaogui first entered the media’s sight in August 2014. At that time, Wuhan police only knew his name was Chen Jianming.

In 2013, the annual homicide case was completely solved for the first time in Wuhan. In August, 2014, there were only two cases in which the suspects were at large, namely Lou Yagang, who committed crimes in Hongshan District, and Chen Jianming, who committed crimes in huangpi district. Lou Yagang fled for 167 days and was arrested and brought to justice by Wuhan police in Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province on December 15, 2014. The process of catching Chen Jianming is extremely difficult.

On November 23rd, 2014, Wuhan police announced that the reward for the capture of Chen Jianming would be raised from 30,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan, and the photos and recent simulated portraits of Chen Jianming when he was serving his sentence in 2001 were released for the first time. Describe his life characteristics: Sichuan accent, can speak Wuhan dialect, and likes to live in vacant houses, houses to be demolished, leisure squares, bazaars, construction sites, small hotels and other places. By the beginning of December 2014, the police of the task force had traveled tens of thousands of kilometers and visited several provinces but still could not grasp their whereabouts.

At the end of December 2014, the police made new progress in investigation and finally found out the true identity of "Chen Jianming". This person used the name of "Chen Jianming" for a long time, and once used another name "Ye Hua", whose real name was Ye Chaogui. Ye Chaogui was born on June 12, 1965. He is a native of Fengdu, Chongqing. He has served his sentence in prisons in Chongqing and Hubei, and has strong anti-detection ability and survival adaptability.

At the beginning of January, 2015, Chutian Metropolis Daily reporter interviewed the person in charge of the Major Crimes Division of the Criminal Investigation Corps of the Provincial Public Security Department, and analyzed why the fugitive Ye Chaogui (Chen Jianming) was so difficult to catch.

The investigation found that Chen Jianming had served his sentence in Caidian prison 10 years ago. The man was deeply hidden, and all the materials he wrote in prison were lies, but he mentioned that he had been in contact with a woman for half a month. The investigators analyzed that the information might be true and went to great lengths to find the woman. She recalled visiting relatives in Xiaogan with Chen Jianming.

The investigators moved to Xiaogan, but the local village was unrecognizable and failed several times. Later, by chance, the investigators learned that Chen Jianming, formerly known as Ye Chaogui, was from Fengdu, Chongqing. After further investigation, Ye Chaogui escaped from prison for rape in Chongqing in 1990s, and has been using the pseudonym of "Chen Jianming" ever since.

No.9 fugitive Feng Haibing: Very vengeful.

1 yuan, the "landlord", killed two brothers after 10 years of money disputes.

On December 9, 2002 and July 4, 2013, two brothers, Min Feng and a certain brother and Feng Jiu, were killed successively in Fengjiadawan Village, Dandian Town, Tuanfeng County, Huanggang City. The police found out that the suspects in the two murders were Feng Haibing, a villager in the village. Tuanfeng police chased after him hard, but Feng Haibing was still at large.

Feng Haibing successively killed Feng Hemou and Feng Jiu’s brothers, and the police pursuit of Tuanfeng also lasted for more than 10 years. The project police rushed to Wuhan, Xiangyang, Yichang, Shiyan and other places in the province, and went to Guangdong, Hainan, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Henan, Zhejiang and other provinces and cities, with a journey of more than 10,000 kilometers. However, Feng Haibing has a strong anti-investigation consciousness and has never fallen into the French Open.

More than 8,000 copies of DNA locked the murderer Feng Haibing.

At 8 o’clock on the evening of July 4, 2013, a light runner with two men fled quickly in the sound of a fight on the 10th group village road in Dawan Village, Fengjia, Dandian Town, Tuanfeng County. The villagers who heard the news found that Feng Jiu, a villager in the village, fell in a pool of blood, with dozens of knives in his body and died.

After the case occurred, Tuanfeng police carefully surveyed the scene and extracted the DNA left by the suspect.

Around the DNA extracted from the site, blood samples of relevant personnel were collected and more than 8,000 copies of DNA were extracted. The forensic doctor of Huanggang Public Security Bureau compared a large number of blood samples and determined that Feng Haibing was a suspect in this case.

This discovery surprised the police of the project-Feng Haibing was suspected of killing Feng Jimou’s eldest brother Feng Hemou, and has been fleeing for more than 10 years. Unexpectedly, he dared to sneak back to his hometown and kill again.

Deliberate retaliation for 1 yuan-Qian Qi dispute for more than ten years.

Feng Haibing was born in 1971 in 10 groups of villagers in Fengjiawan, Dandian Town.

At about 11: 50 am on December 9, 2002, Feng Haibing rushed to the door of a certain family of Feng Jiu with an axe and a single-edged sharp knife, while Feng He played poker with others to "fight the landlord". In broad daylight, he suddenly swung his axe and slammed Feng He’s head, then stabbed Feng He’s neck with a sharp knife, and smashed Feng He’s head with wooden sticks and bricks, causing him to die on the spot. Feng Haibing fled the scene.

According to the police, Feng Haibing was so crazy that the only cause was a dispute caused by 1 yuan’s money while playing cards.

The villagers recalled that in about 1998, Feng Haibing had an argument with Feng He, a villager in the same village, for 1 yuan money. After the quarrel escalated, there was a fight. Feng Haibing thought that he had suffered losses from a brother of Feng He and Feng Jiu, and he always threatened revenge. In 1998, Feng Haibing made a homemade local explosive charge in an attempt to kill Feng He’s family, and was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment for the crime of explosion. Shortly after he was released from prison, on December 9, 2002, Feng Haibing suddenly killed Feng He, and he has been absconding outside and hiding his name. No one thought that he dared to go back to the village to commit another crime. (The original title of this article is "The police offer a heavy reward! Top ten fugitives report a reward of 50,000 to 100,000! 》）

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:　Huayi Brothers Research Institute (ID: HB Research), original title: "On China’s "Rice Circle Culture" (I)》, the first picture comes from: IC photo

Recently, whether fans have aroused conflicts with their peers by reporting the fan fiction database website-AO3, or fans of the draft variety "Creation Camp 2020" and fans of the same type "Youth has You 2" have begun to "break their heads".（battle）The "rice circle" caused quite a stir on the Internet, and many idols were forced to "go out of the circle". However, why do fans always have fierce contradictions? Can fan culture be compatible with popular culture? Where did the original "rice circle" culture come from?

In order to answer a series of questions about "rice circle culture", Huayi Brothers Research Institute deeply explored the fan culture. This paper will focus on the origin, development process and characteristics of fan culture, and deeply analyze the circle and structure of entertainment rice circle culture in the mainland.

Origin: Influenced by the cultural circles of East Asia and Europe and America, China’s "fan culture" has taken shape.

The worship and pursuit of idols are rooted in human nature, but the formation of fan culture is not only based on feelings, but also influenced by social, economic and cultural aspects. Internationally, the prevalence of consumerism in the 1980s provided a fertile ground for the outbreak of the fan community, which also attracted academic attention to this cultural phenomenon. From text deconstruction and reconstruction, to field and social class, to emotional pursuit and psychoanalysis, the relationship between fan culture and many key fields has gradually become clear.Numerous studies of fan culture in the context of mass culture, media communication and economic power show the integration of fan culture and the complexity of its internal mechanism.

Due to the different basic economic environment and media preference, foreign fan studies can not fully explain the current situation of domestic fan culture. However, it is undeniable that China’s fan culture was really influenced by the East Asian cultural circle in its early days. Even today, China’s fan culture still contains a series of fan behaviors such as Japanese "house" culture and Korean idol culture, such as "calling", "playing the list" and "supporting". With the acceleration of internationalization, the frequency of the word "European and American circle" in fan culture has gradually increased, and the new fan culture has impacted and changed the original domestic fan culture. AO3（Archive of Our Own）And other more open fan creation websites have therefore entered the field of vision of domestic fans and become a gathering place for some domestic fans.

▲ Source: Yien & Huace Film and Television "I am willing to be the shadow, protect you as the king-fan economy research report"

Change: from "groupies" to the establishment of "rice circle"

China’s modern fan culture took shape in the middle and late 20th century. Teresa Teng, Little Tiger, Chow Yun Fat and other Hong Kong and Taiwan stars had a large number of fans, and the appearance of Cui Jian and other rock stars also met the spiritual needs of young people at that time. However, during this period, fans’ idolatry was confined to the mechanism of one-way communication, and fans’ behavior was mainly to receive information. The term "groupie" also came into people’s field of vision.

In 2005, Super Girl’s program exploded, driving fans to become a unique social group and cultural phenomenon into the mainstream. Groups such as "corn", "bean jelly" and "box lunch" have entered people’s field of vision with an unprecedented speed and high-profile posture, breaking the traditional impression of groupies in the past. They not only went to the show site to hold up light signs and shout uniform slogans to cheer for the players they supported, but also expressed their attitudes through SMS voting and even called for more people to vote through a large number of promotional materials. Not only did it help your favorite players to "get through the customs" round after round, but it also made the talent show a carnival of "participation by the whole people".①

▲ "Super Girl" stills Source: Network

Since then,With the development of new media environment, fan culture has also undergone a new transformation: the original one-way communication between fans and idols has changed into two-way communication, and virtual communities have improved the scale and organization of fan groups.Weibo has become a gathering place of fan culture because it provides a platform for direct communication between fans and idols, which satisfies the imagination that fans can contact idol life and have direct dialogue with idols. Even to some extent, this kind of imagination is built to satisfy the psychology of fans.Pseudo interactive relationship, and thus produced some discordant sounds. On the other hand, the network has further increased the scale of the fan base, becoming a so-called "rice circle" and creating its own discourse system and power system. Fans can quickly locate their peers with the same hobbies through the internet, and fan activities are more organized through the internet. At the same time, the emergence of professional websites and apps in idolize has further promoted the commercialization of fan culture and spawned more diverse fan activities.

Driven by the trend of consumer culture, the society has changed from production-oriented to consumption-oriented, and the fan economy has flourished with the popularization of fan culture.Fans are not only the main body of culture, but also the main body of economy, playing a huge role in the consumer society.Therefore, the emergence of "professional fans" is logical. Professional fans either earn money through fan activities, or cooperate with brokerage companies and cultural companies to operate fans to get paid. While the commercial value of fans is improving, the guidance of relatively negative economic demand to excessive behavior is also emerging at this time.

From the changes of fan culture, it is not difficult to find that the balance of power between fans and idols is unconsciously tilted. With the advent of the era of "star-making" fans, "flow" has become the lifeblood of grasping the idol cause, and the power of fans has been further enhanced, even reversing beyond the idol itself.The industrialization of idols has caused a sharp increase in the number of idols, an increase in the mobility of fans, a change in the buyer’s market position, and fans have more right to speak and decide.However, the strong capital in the layout of big entertainment has come to an end, and a new party has been added to the idol-fan system, and the game is more complicated and intense. The "rice circle" of social network platform has expanded the application field of fan culture, and more and more people have noticed the strong emotional connection and high user viscosity of fan culture. As a unique community structure, fan culture is highly involved in today’s social structure and activities.

Ecological characteristics of Chinese vermicelli

Refined fan operation: strict organization

Under the great influence of the fan economy, the fan ecology of fans is no longer an initial "atomic" individual activity, but an organized and distributed collective activity. Fan operation is no longer an industry secret, as long as you mix for a while, "solid powder"(Maintain existing fans by communicating with them more), "powder abuse"(Stimulate fans’ desire for protection by shaping the image of idols being bullied, so as to strengthen emotional ties), "purification"(Cut off the relationship between the two idols who used to be "cp" in film and television works, and convert the double fans into single fans, that is, "only fans")"explosion-proof"(prevent the same type of idol from exploding)Waiting for the routine, even if it is "loose powder"(Fans who have not participated in any support meetings and fan groups)And I know it.

The refinement and specialization of fan operation is inevitable. First, spontaneous fan behavior is prone to irregular behavior because of emotional and irregular behavior, which has a negative impact on idols, so it needs correct guidance; Second, the subjects associated with the idol industry are becoming more and more diverse, and the cooperation between brokerage companies, content production companies, brands and video platforms requires the guidance of professional teams to maximize benefits; Third, the internal attributes of fans are different, and their preferences and activities are different. Professional teams can allocate resources more reasonably to meet the psychological needs of all parties.

In terms of organizational structure, the management of all fans consists of three parts, namely, the internal class management of fan organizations, the fan management with the brokerage company as the core and the commercial value of idols as the guide, and the professional fan companies that focus on the operation of fans as a whole rather than a specific idol fan group, such as Super Star Rice Ball.

Every fan activity, the brokerage company guides the "big powder"(Opinion leaders among fans), "job powder" and the management of the support club, disclose the information and the purpose of the support activities in advance, and these fans will pass the information to the fan group. The activities within the fan group are carried out in the form of "multi-point gathering", with "big fans", individual stations and support clubs in different regions as the multi-point core, and ordinary fans are gathered for large-scale support. In this process, professional fan companies not only play an auxiliary role, but also may be the purpose of some kind of fan activities, such as learning about idol dynamics through fan apps or playing on fan apps.

▲ Source: Yi En & Landu, "New Insights of Rice Circles and Advanced Raiders of Fan Operation"

"Heterotopia" in Rice Circles: Community and Exclusion

heterotopias co., ltd creativity | plan | dissemination（heterotopias）It’s Foucault.（Michel Foucault）A kind of observation of society proposed is different from a fictional utopia. Heterotopia is connected with the real place, but it is different from the ordinary cultural space.The virtual space "rice circle" formed by fan culture conforms to the characteristics of "different countries";The tendency of the population, its role in society, its juxtaposition in space, its combination with the fragments of time, and its opening and closing system.

"Fanhuan" is a collection of groups, which has crossed the barriers of time and space, has rules and thinking different from the actual rules, and has a certain threshold to enter Fanhuan.

Promoting fans from individuals to relatively stable communities is a variety of fan activities in the multimedia channel environment. Collective labor, such as hitting the list and rushing sales, has stimulated the emotional connection of the group, such as successfully helping their idols get the first place in the list, which has increased the individual’s recognition of the community. In order to prevent the loss of fans, fan activities are usually regular or frequent. In this case, the community can maintain relative stability. At the same time, more and more communication channels, including Weibo fan groups, WeChat groups and QQ groups, provide the foundation for closer and personal contact, and the doping of personal emotional contact increases the stickiness of the community.

As an independent group, "rice circle" has its own independent discourse system and rules, and its representation is often called "rice circle language" and "rice circle thinking".Abbreviations often seen in Weibo are typical of rice circle language: behind the abbreviations of people’s names is the logic of rice circle to prevent fans from searching the square for comments and attacks; y1s1(there is a saying)、dw(poison only means extreme powder only)、bp(Bai Piao, a fan who doesn’t spend money on idols)These words, which can be understood by internal members and confused by non-rice circle people, not only establish a barrier between rice circle and the outside, but also consolidate the sense of group identity within the community.

However, the "alien state" of rice circles is in contact with the mainstream culture, and it is not completely independent, so there is also a conflict between the unique thinking and universal values of rice circles.In the context of rice circles, "powder is black" and "comparison is stepping on" is somewhat mismatched under the dualistic popular culture that does not agree with "black is white". However, the rice circle culture really affects the language form of Chinese network and the thinking logic behind it, so it is often criticized.

Fans are extremely exclusive, which may be due to the fierce competition in the idol industry.At present, among the top idols, basically every one has had a fierce fan struggle with several others. The reasons are nothing more than fighting for the first place, for endorsement resources, and for traffic. For example, because of similar fame paths.(Acted in a beautiful drama, and became popular because of his outstanding acting skills)And similar images, fans of Sean Xiao and Zhu Yilong once attacked each other. Even because of the different attributes of fans, "only powder"(fans who only like one idol)"Tuanfen"(Like a fan of an idol group), "cp powder"(fans who like a real couple or an imaginary couple)There are also conflicts between them. Idol groups debuting in the recent draft, such as Rocket Girl and NINE PERCENT, often have conflicts with individual fans because of different interests.

▲NINE PERCENT　

The exclusiveness of fan culture is not only reflected in external disputes, but also caused by the strict institutional class at home.Although only gathered for the same hobby.Interest groupHowever, there is a hierarchical difference in the right to speak among fans. In fan organizations, it is common for the management to hold a group. When the upper level agrees, fans with different views will be kicked out of the support club or support group to ensure the "harmony" of the organization. "big powder"(opinion leaders among fans, often UGC creators, paragraph players or professional fans)Our views affect the wind direction of the whole fan community. Once there is an abnormal sound, it is either ignored because the sound volume is too small or destroyed because of the attack of "big fans". Although rice circles have begun to realize the negative impact of "big powder", it is unrealistic to put an end to the impact of "big powder" because of its strong functionality in the current fan community structure.

Conclusion:

With the development of Internet, the development of entertainment industry and the changes in the way stars debut, China’s fan organizations have evolved from the "groupie" period to the "rice circle" era, and the rigor and organization of this organization have also been significantly enhanced, and its influence has gradually expanded, becoming a large group organization that cannot be ignored in today’s society.

Citations and references:

Hu Cencen. "From’ groupies’ to’ rice circles’-‘change’ and’ unchanged’ of Chinese fan organizations". China Youth Research.2020 (02).

② Yin Yiyi. "Evolution of Fan Studies: Subjectivity, Theoretical Problems and Research Paths". Journal of Global Media .2020 (01).

③ Jiang Ming. "Three’ Historical Transformations’ of Fan Culture after Reform and Opening-up". Literature and Art Contests .2018 (01).

④ Hu Cencen. "Online community, fanatical consumption and free labor-the recent trend of fan culture research". China Youth Research.2018 (06).

⑤ "Sina Weibo Fan Culture: Misfortune and Happiness"

http://dwz.date/aFfc

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:　Huayi Brothers Research Institute (ID: HB Research)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Haikou, September 11th Title: From "foot measurement" to "sky and land" integrated monitoring — — Science and technology help Hainan tropical rain forest protection

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Chen Kaizi and Yuan Rui

　　Kingfisher jumps into the water, with fish in its mouth; The round-nosed monitor lizard travels slowly, looking for delicious food in the forest; Gibbons climb on the treetops and sing loudly … … These scenes of Hainan tropical rain forest are being recorded and presented in real time by remote monitoring system.

　　The picture shows the ecological monitoring platform in Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Xinhua News Agency reporter Fan Yuqing photo

　　Since the national park system was piloted in 2019, Hainan has made great efforts to build a new model of intelligent ecological management and protection. Hainan Rainforest National Park Administration has built a provincial-level smart management center and a smart rainforest big data center platform, and carried out "electronic fence" construction pilot projects in Bawangling, Diaoluoshan and Wuzhishan, and started the "sky-land" integrated monitoring system project of Hainan Rainforest National Park, exploring the construction of a four-in-one tropical rainforest monitoring system of "forest dynamic monitoring sample plot+satellite sample plot+random sample plot+kilometer grid sample plot".

　　On the monitoring screen of Jianfengling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration, the video can be switched to multi-angle high-definition images at any time, and live broadcast can be realized by connecting with the camera installed in the rainforest.

　　The forest coverage rate of Jianfengling area is over 97%, which is rich in biological resources and is one of the hot spots of biodiversity in the world. "Through ‘ Electronic fence ’ And multi-functional monitoring system, we have greatly reduced the number of people entering the mountains and found many species that have not been seen for a long time. " Yang Shibin, deputy director of Jianfengling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration, said.

　　In addition to ecological protection and resource monitoring, scientific and technological means are also applied to the daily patrol and maintenance of Hainan tropical rain forest.

　　The Wuzhishan area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has pleasant scenery. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Lizhen photo

　　In Bawangling area, the information-based patrol management platform is connected with the special mobile phone equipped by rangers, which can check their patrol time and route in real time, and realize standardized and information-based management of patrol work. The application of science and technology, such as fire remote video monitoring watchtower and fire video monitoring command center, has improved the ability of forest protection and fire prevention.

　　"From the older generation of scientists ‘ Measurement on foot ’ , until now ‘ Sky land ’ Integrated and comprehensive monitoring, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has initially established a long-term positioning monitoring system for natural resources and biodiversity, and through it, it has carried out the protection and management of tropical rainforest ecosystems, key species habitats and ecological environment, as well as biodiversity and forest carbon sinks. Scientific research. " Wang Nan, deputy director of Hainan Rainforest National Park Administration, said, "In addition, a series of other scientific and technological means are also helping the effective management and protection of Hainan Rainforest."

People’s Daily Online, London, April 24 (Yang Bo, Daytime Travel) The history of garbage recycling in Britain can be traced back to before industrialization, when waste from burning wood and coal was collected and used as the basic material for making bricks. However, the recycling at that time was because the economic advantages of renewable resources were higher than those of original materials, and there was a lack of public waste removal system in densely populated areas.

In Britain and Ireland around 1800, beverage bottles were recycled by some beverage manufacturers.

In 1813, Benjamin Raul combined rag fibers with raw wool to pass off as wool, which can be regarded as a kind of "garbage recycling", but this material made the inferior industry in West Yorkshire last for nearly a hundred years from the early 19th century.

In the past ten years, Britain has introduced some new regulations to encourage more recycling. These measures include imposing fines on those who do not reduce household waste, and putting more emphasis on sorting waste into different recyclable materials. Each local authority has different rules.

Now about 177 million tons of waste are produced in England every year. In order to reduce expenditure and produce waste, the British government issued the Waste Prevention Plan for England in 2013. In May 2014, the "Innovation of Waste Prevention Fund" funded by the Ministry of Environment was launched.

The government will require enterprises to be responsible for the products they produce, and the law also requires some enterprises to ensure that part of the products they sell are recycled and reused. These products include packaging, batteries, electrical and electronic equipment, vehicles and so on. At the same time, the government cooperates with the garbage industry through the "waste management responsibility agreement" to ensure that enterprises recycle as simply as possible and improve household recycling and waste collection. Laws have also been introduced to crack down on crimes, including illegal dumping of waste, operation of illegal waste management sites and illegal export of waste.

Domestic waste is subdivided into three categories.

In Britain, the classification of domestic waste recycling is very detailed, and the "Domestic Waste Recycling Act 2003" requires governments all over England to provide at least two kinds of recyclable materials collection services to every family.

So now we can see that in a single-family British family with a garden, there are usually three trash cans in front of the door or backyard. The colors of the lids are different, and the types of garbage inside are different.

For example, in some places, the trash can with black lid is used to hold "general garbage", the trash can with blue lid is used to hold "recyclable garbage", and the trash can with green lid is used to hold garden and kitchen waste. In another area, the color may be different from the barrel to the lid.

In addition to general garbage, the other two kinds of garbage are classified strictly. "Recyclable garbage" can be glass bottles, paper products, cans, degradable plastic bags, etc., while "garden or kitchen waste" can only be dead leaves, weeds or food, but not soil, stones and packaging. According to the specific classification regulations, the government will issue special leaflets and stuff them into users’ mailboxes on a regular basis or directly stick them on users’ trash can lids by garbage collectors.

When it comes to the division of plastic bags, it is difficult for ordinary people to quickly identify whether they are recyclable. Fortunately, most of the packaging of articles will clearly indicate whether the packaging can be recycled. It’s just that not all people will be "selective" when throwing garbage, so there are always people who intentionally or unintentionally "foul". Once they are discovered by the "eye-catching" recyclers, you will usually "harvest" a "warning sheet" on the lid of your trash can.

People who live in apartments do not have a garden, so they need only separate the recyclable garbage list. There is a special garbage station next to the apartment, and the oversized garbage bins inside are also classified.

Generally, special garbage trucks and workers will come to collect the three kinds of garbage at a fixed time every week. The night before, people just need to push the garbage bins usually stored in the backyard or by the door to the roadside near the main street, and the next morning, they may still be dreaming, and they can hear the sound of the roaring garbage trucks coming.

To "enjoy" such on-site service, you need to pay a certain fee, which is usually included in the monthly council tax collected by local governments. However, the budget of some places is relatively tight recently, so the recycling time of garden and kitchen waste is extended from once a week to once every two weeks.

Last year, there were news reports that families with children under three years old in a region of Wales had to provide their children’s birth certificates to collect diapers every two weeks, otherwise they would collect diapers together with domestic garbage every three weeks, which was said to be for the purpose of environmental protection.

Of course, if you don’t want to pay the garbage collection fee, there is a way. You can throw it directly into the nearby "garbage dump".

When I first entered this "garbage dump", I felt a sense of "dazzling", because the types of garbage inside were too fine. Recyclable paper products were divided into paper packaging, newspapers and magazines, and old clothes and sheets should be separated. In addition, there were cooking oil, batteries, small household appliances and so on. Once you saw that you were carrying the bag in the wrong direction, the staff next to you would come forward to guide you.

As for the "large-scale garbage" like old furniture, either make an appointment with a charity to collect it at home or pay someone to buy it. The cost may be higher than you think, and there is no service that can be sold as waste in China.

The policy focus shifts from punishment to reward.

Recently, the focus of Britain’s garbage recycling policy has shifted from punishing those who don’t recycle to encouraging more people to recycle through rewards.

WRAP, the waste and resources action plan, is a registered charity, which is jointly funded by several British government departments and the European Union.

Its website, Recyclenow, provides detailed guidance and suggestions to those who want to seriously classify garbage, and classifies recyclable garbage into six categories: sprays, food, plastic bottles, clothes, electronic equipment and medicines.

pressurized spray

For example, about 60% of waste such as used air fresheners is made of tinned steel, and about 40% is made of aluminum. Both metals can be recycled. It also contains some small plastic and rubber parts, including covers, valves and dip tubes, which can be extracted and fully recycled. If everyone in the UK can recycle an empty air freshener, the converted energy will be enough for the TV energy of 273,000 families.

food

Food recycling includes banana peel, leftovers, tea bags and so on. Usually, any cooked or raw food waste can be recycled, but it is necessary to ensure that all packaging, especially plastic packaging, is taken out.

There are several ways to treat the collected food waste. In some areas, it is mixed with garden waste and transported to local commercial composting facilities. This compost will be used in agriculture, landscaping and gardening. If food waste is collected separately, a method called anaerobic digestion is usually used to generate green electricity.

plastic bottle

It is estimated that Britain uses an average of 35.8 million plastic bottles every day, but only 19.8 million plastic bottles can be recycled every day, which means that an average of 16 million plastic bottles cannot enter the recycling station every day.

The recycling of plastic bottles requires emptying and washing articles, taking off the lid and squeezing the bottles to save space.

Clothing and textiles

Even damaged clothes and faded curtains, which are not suitable for reuse by others, can be recycled to create new items, such as cushions, cleaning cloths and industrial blankets for chairs and car seats. Charities everywhere in Britain recycle clothing and textiles, and different charities collect items slightly differently.

Some stores, such as H&M and Martha, collect old clothes in the store. Martha also collected it through charity partner Oxfam, and offered a discount the next time the donor went to Martha to buy it.

electronic equipment

Usually, when buying new electronic goods, stores will recycle old equipment, especially larger items, such as televisions and refrigerators and freezers. Other recycling methods include online junk exchange and selling websites. For unwanted mobile phones and tablets, some merchants can get cash or redeem gift certificates.

medicines and chemical reagents

Unopened, unused and expired drugs can be returned to the pharmacy for disposal. It is estimated that as much as 300 million pounds of unused or partially used drugs are wasted in Britain every year and cannot be recycled or reused. Therefore, the British medical system calls on people to think carefully before ordering duplicate prescriptions.

The road to comprehensive recycling is "long"

In addition to government regulations and services, it is equally important to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and economy. For example, statistics for many years show that the amount of food wasted by the British is still amazing. In 2013, food worth 15.1 billion pounds was thrown into the trash can by the British. Statistics in 2014 found that up to 400 tons of food is still wasted every year, and the average person wastes up to 200 pounds of food every year.

With the continuous efforts of British government departments, the classification and recycling of garbage has made remarkable progress, but the overall household garbage recovery rate has been below 50%. According to the latest data from the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) of the British government, from 2000/01 to 2009/10, household recycling in the UK increased by 235%; In 2009/10, 23 million tons of domestic waste were generated, of which 9.4 million tons were recovered, reused or composted, with compost accounting for the largest proportion, accounting for 40% of the total. In 2015, the recycling rate of households in England was 43.9%, which was 0.9 percentage points lower than that of 44.8% in 2014. Also since 2011, the "domestic garbage recycling rate" was lower than 44% for the first time.

The British referendum decided to leave the European Union, which also brought certain policy uncertainty to garbage sorting and recycling. If Britain leaves the EU, all kinds of EU regulations and standards that regulate all walks of life will face the process of replacing them with Britain’s own. Whether to completely follow the original EU system or reset Britain’s own system will create a certain policy vacuum or delay in the short term, such as promoting garbage collection. Recently, British Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the general election will be held in advance, which will aggravate the uncertainty and delay of this policy to a certain extent. Although it will not necessarily affect the implementation of policies such as garbage collection, it will certainly have a certain impact on further promotion.　

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