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No kebab shop is perfect.

People who are traveling or working in other places will occasionally have a subtle psychology when eating barbecue. Simply put, it is: "I can’t figure out why there is no such thing?"

"This" refers to something from snacks to big food. It’s delicious to simply bake it, but it’s not on the barbecue stall here.

Of course, there are some foods with local characteristics that local people can figure out, such as roasted milk tofu and dried apricots in Inner Mongolia and roasted melons in Yunnan. But some universal foods are not used as kebabs, so it always feels incredible. Take butter, for example. Where is it? But Hunan people can make roasted butter into a special feature of Xiangxi skewers.

The tip of the chicken wings and the treasure in the palm that southerners like are moved up to the thicker roast chicken wings in the north … Since the wings of the chicken have been broken, why only keep its biceps brachii, and why not roast the tip of the chicken wings separately? I don’t understand 

Barbecue is the most primitive cooking method of human beings, unlike famous dishes from all over the world, which need to be passed down by chefs. Most of us have the first impression of barbecue, that is, the stall in front of our house. Simply baking it and brushing the seasoning can appease the young taste buds. So I preconceived that barbecues should be the same everywhere. Even if you don’t have any favorite ingredients, just tell your boss that it should be ready in two days.

When I grew up and "wandered" to other cities, I found that there were many barbecue sects in various places, and the difference was too great. A Guizhou native said that he thought that all the places ate broken ears, baked potatoes, and dipped them in dip with broken ears.

But the reality is cruel, this wonderful food is rejected by many people, and the barbecue stall owner who opens the door to do business is even more afraid to expect it, and is good at providing it. One more thing is better than one less thing.

There is also the local litsea oil, which has a special fragrance similar to the combination of pepper and ginger. Eat sour soup rice at the barbecue stall and drop a few drops. This meal is complete. He once ordered a kebab at his home in Beijing and dropped a little on it himself, but it didn’t taste like that.

Muttered with colleagues: "It’s obviously very simple. Why don’t you just buy some folded ears in the store and cut them?"

A colleague from Sichuan, a neighboring province, told him: "These two things taste too remote, and it is easy to understand if they are not cooked in other provinces. Last time I went to Hangzhou on business, I asked my boss if he had baked konjac at midnight. The boss’s eyes are wide open. Can that thing be baked? "

He is also full of grievances, and he looks at the menu. Apart from meat or meat, in fact, he simply needs to put on a large piece of konjac with two bamboo sticks, put it on the fire, sprinkle some ingredients, and eat it when the temperature is up.

When eating, it’s just like eating a hot tongue, and it doesn’t gain weight. Why isn’t there a barbecue stall outside? And ribs, why can’t they be baked with green peppers? He didn’t think that such a large piece of ingredients as konjac would cost an extra piece to string together, which would lead to high cost over time and not be able to sell like meat. Northeast China and North China are rich in meat sources and good in meat quality. Red meat alone can be divided into crisp bones, meat tendons, plate tendons, kebabs, oily edges, chest, heart-protecting meat and many other points. The boss doesn’t have to go to so much trouble to make a bunch of trivial vegetarian dishes.

As for the double peaks of green peppers and ribs, it is a common sight for Sichuanese. On the other hand, it seems that the boss has a bad mind in order to reduce costs: "It is obvious that there can be eight pieces of meat on a string, and now half of them are replaced with green peppers!"

These seem completely negligible in business, and the subtle differences are very different on everyone’s tongue.

Linyi said: Before she went to Beijing, the definition of barbecue was fried skewers with pancakes, grilled starfish, and baked hairy eggs that her mother took her to a stall and ate around a small stove. Hairy eggs and live beads are not suitable for pictures, and some places, such as Nanjing, like them very much. People who don’t love them are scared to death when they hear that there are half-formed chickens in them. This classmate said: when I have money, I must open a pure barbecue restaurant in our hometown, and people who can’t eat baked eggs are not allowed to enter.

There are also stone eggs, also called real eggs, which are made by opening a small hole in the egg, pouring out the contents, stirring evenly like coffee, adding edible alkali like coffee with sugar, and continuing to stir evenly, so that the egg will turn pale green, then pouring the stirred egg liquid into the egg shell, and a cup of egg kabuqi (shi) will be finished, then steaming and solidifying, and then baking on the shelf.

Like the roast chicken rack, all the local people are in full swing, but the food is not popular all over the country.

Northeasters can’t get used to barbecues without dried tofu in the south. There are too many kinds of bean products in the barbecue stalls in the south, such as vegetarian chicken, thick bean skin, wrapped bean curd, etc., which are roasted with fire, and what you want is the feeling that it tastes like meat but not meat.

Dried tofu can only be sidelined. Southerners will think it is too thin and dry. Barbecue stalls were originally not made. Later, because of the large population circulation between the north and the south, it was crept on the menu. However, if dried tofu is not brushed with thick sauce, it will taste a little less charming.

The joys and sorrows of human beings are not interlinked, and so is their knowledge. What is taken for granted in one place becomes "inexplicable surprise" in another place.

In A String of Life, Chongqing’s roasted brain flowers and Xuzhou’s roasted sheep’s eyes are also counted as "dark dishes", which makes people all over the country feel "incredibly wild". People in Sichuan and Chongqing and Xuzhou only think that they are noisy.

People in Sichuan and Chongqing still eat rabbits. What’s surprising about brain flowers? So they can’t press the table. When Xuzhou people go to other places to eat barbecue, they will sigh like plum blossoms, one sigh that there is no roasted sheep ball, the other sigh that there is no roasted sheep eye, and the third sigh that it is not suitable for handmade noodles. Xuzhou has the habit of eating sheep, and the whole dog days last for more than a month, which is the Fu Yang Festival. I was fascinated by eating sheep. It was a pity that so many sheep only made mutton soup, so they pondered the barbecue.

The barbecue is more finely divided, just like Chaoshan people eat beef in countless parts. In addition to sheep balls and sheep eyes, the local barbecue shop also has a stretched belly of sheep, which is the meat near the ribs of sheep, which has both muscle, lean meat and fat, and is delicious in three. Xuzhou people are located in the north and south, and their eating habits are mixed with rice and flour. Barbecue with handmade noodles or steamed buns is a matter of course, as if the barbecue in the world should be eaten like this, and people in South China will feel choked.

Chongqing people don’t understand why foreigners don’t eat roasted skin (more recently), and Yunnan people don’t understand the absence of roast chicken tendons. What everyone thinks is: "It’s obvious that it’s enough to put it on the fire. Why don’t foreign barbecue shops sell it, even if they have a chat?"

Some people have begun experiments to eliminate these inconspicuous but crucial differences. Now, roasted butter has been popularized in first-tier cities, and roasted skin has also radiated outward along the periphery of Chongqing. Of course, the farthest one must be the northeast barbecue. Recently, in Shenzhen, I ate a good Qiqihar barbecue, an iron plate with pork belly, beef, sauerkraut, peanuts and Chili powder.

The boss is from the northeast and asked him how he thought of opening this store. He said, "The seafood barbecue here is not delicious. I thought, barbecue should be like my home, so I just opened one. "

The story of Hegang skewers in Beijing is similar. Hegang barbecue is mainly made of cattle, with small pieces of meat, and the characteristic is "medium rare". When the local school was over, the chef of kebabs began to open and sold them to students, who didn’t have any pocket money, so the meat slices were cut thin and small.

When Hegang people arrived in Beijing, how do you think the beef here is cut into such a big piece? It’s not tasty yet There are few kinds. The local kinds are raw tendons, cooked tendons, plank tendons, meat tendons, bright tendons, beef heart tube, beef chest, beef bone marrow, beef slices and beef tendon … The fineness is also catching up with Chaoshan beef pot.

The same idea: "The barbecue should be like my home." Later, Hegang people simply drove themselves.

If we want to combine the imagination of people from all over the world about barbecue shops, we will make a perfect barbecue shop. Stocking should be like this: master Xinjiang is in charge of docking excellent meat sources, master Xuzhou is in charge of distributing mutton, master Hegang is in charge of distributing beef, master Sichuan or Chongqing is in charge of pork (mainly dealing with fat intestines and brain flowers, as well as pig meat in Liangshan), and another master Yunnan is in charge of roasting chicken skin, chicken feet, chicken tendons and bean products, and learning from Mala Tang Store to purchase vegetarian chicken, tofu skin, dried orchids, chiba tofu, dried tofu and konjac. Vegetarian dishes such as leeks, cauliflower, eggplant, potatoes, lotus root slices, Flammulina velutipes, green peppers and rice cakes can satisfy 90% of China diners.

As for the grilled seafood, then give it to the Guangdong master.

However, this seasoning is difficult. Some people want to eat pickled meat, some like fresh meat, and some people like spicy and cumin. The spicy taste in Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan is different. Northeastern people prefer sweet and spicy and brush sauce, and the dip is unique and elegant. Fuzhou people’s barbecue also has a red bad taste. It is also difficult to match the staple food. Xi ‘an people’s steamed buns, Xuzhou people’s boiled buns, Shandong people’s pancakes, and northeast baked wheat cakes are all eaten with barbecue and have to be imported from different places.

Obviously a very simple thing, away from home, is not. This is the meaning of hometown and the reason why there is no perfect barbecue restaurant in the world.

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Minister of Finance refutes "retrogression of marketization process": the premise is not established.

  BEIJING, March 25 (Reporter Li Jinlei) In response to the question that "the retrogression of China’s marketization process poses a major threat to the global economy", Minister of Finance Liu Kun said in Beijing on the 25th that the premise of the question itself was not established.

  Liu Kun made the above remarks at the China Development Forum hosted by the the State Council Development Research Center on 25th.

  Regarding the question that some people think that "the retrogression of China’s marketization process poses a major threat to the global economy", Liu Kun responded that it is difficult to understand this issue.

  Liu Kun pointed out that China has been carrying out reform and opening up for 40 years. Since the reform and opening up, the national strength has been greatly strengthened, the economic aggregate has increased substantially, and the people’s living standards have been improved to a high degree. This process is the process of establishing and perfecting the socialist market economy in China, so no one has a deeper understanding of the market economy than the ordinary people in China and the cadres and officials in China.

  Liu Kun said that in the process of reform and opening up, the earliest measure was to replace the original planned economy with the concept of socialist market economy. This process is vivid to everyone and very profound.

  Liu Kun asked, saying that China’s marketization process is retrogressive, so where does the power source of China’s economic growth come from? If the power source is not from Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development, where can it come from? "So, I don’t think the premise of this question itself is established." (End)

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It’s not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

It is one of the best-selling models in the United States. With its unparalleled configuration and powerful power, it is favored by American consumers and becomes one of the best means of transportation in the American automobile market. Then, in the American auto market from 2019 to 2020, who will be the most popular? Next, let’s take a look at which models are available in to be no.1!

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Honda Ridgeline

In recent years, Honda has gained a lot in the American market and shocked the American market.

From the product point of view, Honda Ridgeline pickup truck adheres to the traditional pickup truck design style, modest appearance, simple and practical interior, magical space, and Honda’s housekeeping i-VTM4 four-wheel drive system, and is equipped with a 3.5L V6 with a maximum output of 186kW and a peak torque of 334Nm, which is matched with a 5-speed automatic. The unique rear independent suspension provides excellent sports performance that other pickups cannot match.

Therefore, Honda Ridgeline pickup truck became the most popular pickup truck in the United States in 2019 -2020, ranking tenth.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Chevrolet Kurod is one of the most important models of GM, and Brother Ku Radby is a whole circle smaller in body size, but the sparrow is small and complete!

It is no exaggeration to say that GM cannot do without it.
Just like people can’t live without air, without the annual sales profit of Kurod and the changeable modification space, other GM models may not exist.

In addition to the ordinary version of the Kurod, Chevrolet exhibited a concept car of a high-performance medium-sized pickup truck at the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show, and officially entered the mass production stage in November 2016, named as the Kurod ZR2.

Compared with the traditional Korod, ZR2 is quite strong in off-road capability, with reinforced front and rear bumpers, raised body height and dynamic damping shock absorption technology used on pickup trucks for the first time. This time, equipped with this shock absorber, the ZR2 will help to make it a real off-road monster.

Therefore, Chevrolet Kurod has also become a new choice for American consumers to travel during commuting and weekends. Chevrolet Kurod pickup truck became the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking ninth.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

CANYON

GMC Canyon has a distinctive appearance and hardware configuration, including a unique chrome-plated front air intake grille, a full front bumper, a unique fog lamp shape and a 20-inch aluminum alloy wheel hub. Moreover, the rear shelf of the car is sprayed with wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant paint, which is more practical.

In addition, GMC Canyon has the same three kinds of power as Chevrolet, including powerful V6 power and diesel four-cylinder power, and can also tow up to 7,700 pounds.

Although it shares the same power as Chevrolet, it is disappointing in price and materials compared with competing products. Despite this, GMC Canyon pickup truck still became the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking eighth with its unique shape, powerful power and traction of up to 7,700 pounds.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Jeep GLAdiator (gladiator)

Jeep herdsman has always been known to consumers for its high value and powerful off-road capability. It took the manufacturer 15 years to perfect this gladiator pickup truck developed in herdsman, which was officially released at the LA Auto Show in November 2018 and attracted wide attention.

Jeep Gladiator is divided into Sport, SportS, Overland and Rubicon according to the configuration from low to high. It is equipped with a 3.6L V6 gasoline engine with a maximum power of 212kW and a peak torque of 353N·m, which is matched with an 8-speed automatic or 6-speed manual gearbox.

Perhaps, pickup trucks such as Ford, Chevrolet, GMC and Toyota come back and forth in the American market, and the appearance of Jeep Gladiator has brought fresh blood to the conventional pickup market.

Therefore, Jeep Gladiator pickup truck became the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking seventh.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Ford Ranger

Ford Ranger is a medium-sized pickup truck built by nearly 500 engineers around the world after four years of research and development. It has unparalleled superior product strength and solid texture lines, which makes car fans all over the world love it, and the products are in short supply.

In addition to the regular version, Ford Ranger also introduced different versions, such as Wildtrak version and Raptor version, which were listed in China, Thailand and other countries one after another, and were favored by fans after listing.

In fact, Ranger has long been popular in many countries such as the Asia-Pacific region, and has become the best partner for passionate players around the world to pursue self-attitude and cross-border leisure and play. Even if they pass by on the road, it is difficult for others to divert their attention.

This "hot-blooded youth" became the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking sixth.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Ram 1500

In March last year, the 2019 Ram 1500 was released. The appearance of the new car has not changed much, mainly in the front air intake grille, which canceled the traditional cross grille shape.

In terms of power, it is equipped with two hybrid gasoline engines, one is 3.6-liter Pentastar V6 power and the other is 5.7-liter Hemi power. In addition, Dodge also provides Rebel version, which is specially designed for off-road use. Its excellent product performance and wide versatility make this pickup truck above Chevrolet and Ford, and it will become the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking fifth.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Ford

Ford F-150 and Ram 1500 are full-size pickups, while Ford pickups have more power systems to choose from than Ram pickups, including diesel, gasoline and twin-turbocharged V6 engines, while the latter’s twin-turbocharged engines are not more fuel efficient than most pickups equipped with V8 engines. However, F-150 can tow up to 13,200 pounds, which is impossible for other pickup trucks.

In addition to a variety of power options, rich configuration and spacious interior space are also one of the main reasons why American consumers are willing to buy this pickup truck. With rich power selection and powerful configuration, the Ford F-150 became the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking fourth.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Ford F-150 raptor

The Ford F-150 Raptor ranks third in the most popular picardie in the United States. For domestic car lovers, Raptor pickup truck is a pure hardcore model and a representative of American pickup truck.

At the 2017 Shanghai Auto Show, it was announced that F150 Raptor pickup truck was officially sold in China, including two models: performance version and performance stiffening version.

In the United States, the competitors of the F-150 Raptor are naturally restless. Just one week before the official launch of two new Raptors in China, Dodge launched a high-performance version of Ram1500Rebel, with the direct purpose of competing with the Ford F-150 Raptor.

Nowadays, many pickup trucks have strong performance versions, especially some medium-sized pickup truck products. Although the data may not reach the level of Raptor, with lighter vehicle weight and smaller body size, they are not lost to Ford Raptor in performance.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Ford SuperDuty

Ford SuperDuty includes,, and. Heavy pickup trucks have a stronger frame and can tow up to 35,000 pounds.

Although the SuperDuty pickup truck is harder to drive than the Ford F-150, it provides the same interior and configuration as the F-150. In addition, the SuperDuty series also provides a series of high-tech configurations and more modern driver assistance systems.

From the naming, it is not difficult to find that the Ford SuperDuty is a version of the Ford F-series pickup truck that needs heavy work. Because Americans like to repair their own houses and do some gardening or small projects themselves, it is very convenient to transport building materials with pickup trucks.

The position of this model in the hearts of Americans can be imagined. Ford SuperDuty became the most popular pickup truck in the United States from 2019 to 2020, ranking second.

It's not the top ten most popular pickup trucks in America.

Ram 2500/3500

One of the most popular picardie in the United States in 2019-2020 is actually the Ram2500 and the RAM 3500. Why not Ford? I was a little surprised.

The car chosen by the American people is really a bit different. Is it true that in the eyes of Americans, Ford is no longer the "magic car" in their hearts? Is it because they have moved on? This problem needs careful consideration.

Closer to home, Ram2500 and 3500, like Ford SuperDuty series, belong to heavy-duty pickup trucks. In the eyes of Americans, pickup trucks are the most practical means of transportation, which can meet the needs of all aspects of work and life, while Ram2500/3500 is actually a very common model in North America.

This kind of car feels like an old ox, hard-working, with strong power and amazing towing force, and it is also one of the first choice models for farmers and grocery store owners.

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Fashion Design of Love Outstanding

    Love Excellence is a fashion movie, in which polly is a magazine editor. She loves fashion from the bottom of her heart and dresses herself up very beautifully every day. She puts her great passion for fashion into her work. She is capable, serious and independent.

Li Wei:

    I created the feeling of polly’s debut, made a shape with high shoulder pads and a sleeveless jacket, which showed her overall temperament. Inside is a jumpsuit. Only girls who are confident and in great shape may dare to dress like this. I chose a black high-heeled shoe, and the other one made an asymmetrical shape, just to have fun.

Wang Hao:

    My theme is elevation, because all angles are viewed from the elevation. These lines on my body represent polly’s passion in her work, and there is a period of ups and downs. Their work has a high period and a low period, so my inspiration comes from ECG of the heart, high peaks in physics, and low valleys. In addition, a fashion editor should have a long black dress and a handbag for dinner.

Ren Xi:

    One scene in the script is that polly hides in the closet and cries after being criticized. Although she has a very capable appearance, she is very weak at heart, so I choose silk fabric as my skirt, and use a lot of interlacing and layering to show the ups and downs of her mood and the versatility of her personality.

Han Lipeng:

    I think polly’s appearance is mature, but actually she is a little girl at heart, such as this necklace, which is very flamboyant. The little girl may like this bright and shiny, reflecting that she pretends to be tough or atmospheric on the outside, but what she likes inside is still the little girl’s things. In general, she is fashionable, atmospheric and simple, which will make people feel that this girl is very interesting.

Qiu Qiyang:

    I don’t think a serious person will wear a skirt, because she has to work, so I choose pants. I choose flesh color because people who are confident dare to wear flesh color, and they can express the fashionable side. The collocation of colors is green and pink, and I don’t want to steal the color of the protagonist, but also have a sense of fashion. Then I choose some special fabrics, such as PVC, as the finishing touch.

Chen Zhigang:

    Polly, as a fashion person who works in an office, must have a professional spirit. I chose the combination of three clothes and the usual colors in the fashion industry to make a set of such designs.

Meng Xiangqian:

    I think Polly is a person who can say different things on different occasions. I use black and white to express in different scenes, and what she said is two completely different feelings.

Zhao Haixin:

    This dress I made was worn by Polly at the dinner party. I think Hermes’ dinner party should be more fashionable. Personally, I think Polly is a confident person, who may occasionally wear something wrong or overdo it, so I made her a short dress.

Guan Qiqi:

    I chose a scene of Polly and Phillips in the fitting room. After reading the whole script, I think Polly is a person who can see through, but can’t say it through. She is a contradiction. I use this texture and flat suit fabric to express her feeling of being separate but integrated.

NeIson Lo:

    I chose the scene where Polly just appeared. The script mentioned her taste and her weight. Because she is an editor of a magazine after all, I think the clothes should have an international sense.

Wang mingrui

    I chose this scene of Hermes dinner to create a dress for Polly. The biggest highlight of this dress is the version of the upper body. Without cutting this version, two belts extend directly from the dress. They are not only decorative, but also important for the upper body. My whole dress was cut diagonally, so it fits me better.

Cui Miao:

    I chose a scene where Polly was in the studio, shooting a big movie for the hero. I made a suit with tough lines. Because Polly is a enterprising girl, I made an asymmetric design of this suit to show her character, flexibility and competence.

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Additional 100 billion? China is not afraid of Trump’s "tariff violence."

  On April 5, US President Trump issued a statement saying that he had instructed the US Trade Representative to consider whether it was appropriate to impose tariffs on $100 billion of China goods under Section 301. Earlier, based on the results of the "301 Survey", the Office of the US Trade Representative announced on the 3rd a list of China’s proposed goods to be subject to additional tariffs, involving the import of goods worth about $50 billion from China every year. In this regard, China immediately imposed tariffs on some products imported from the United States, and took countermeasures of the same scale, amount and intensity. This shows that the Sino-US trade friction has escalated sharply into a conflict, and the Sino-US trade war will be on the verge.

one

  However, interestingly, after Trump’s ravings, White House officials rushed to "put out the fire", first helping to explain that Trump’s $100 billion should refer to the value of imported goods rather than the total tax collection. US Trade Representative Wright Heze also immediately issued a personal statement saying that "none of the additional tariffs will take effect immediately". In fact, in the past two days, Kudla, Trump’s new chief economic adviser, and other US government officials have been trying to reduce the fear of a trade war in the United States, saying that the United States may still reach an agreement with China. It can be seen that even Trump’s ruling team is weak, contradictory and difficult to justify.

  Mutual "sanctions" are equal to mutual harm. As we all know, in the era of economic globalization, any form of trade war will fundamentally violate the basic principles of economics, the principle of trade liberalization pursued by the international community and the basic laws of the international economy.

  Especially in today’s world with rapid development of informationization and networking, international trade is basically trading and developing with each other by giving full play to the comparative advantages or factor endowments of various countries. As the largest developed country in the United States, the service industry has long accounted for more than 70% of its development, while China, as a country with a short start of industrialization, has processing trade as the main form of export, and the use of cheap labor to produce low value-added products is the characteristic of China’s foreign trade. In a certain period of time, the formation of trade imbalance is mainly caused by different international division of labor, different industrial structures and different positions of global value chains, as well as different statistical methods between China and the United States (according to estimates by relevant departments, the trade deficit with China calculated by the United States is basically overestimated by about 20%), so it is unnecessary to "add fists and feet" to solve this problem.

one

  "Sanctions" cannot change the development strategy of other countries. From the list of products restricted by the United States to China, it can be seen that the main goal of the United States is not only to solve the trade imbalance problem, but also to attack the strategic goal of "Made in China 2025" that China is vigorously promoting the development of high-tech industries with an eye to the future.

  The Trump administration’s move can only be an idiotic dream and a bamboo basket. Historically, in the process of Japan’s rapid post-war economic development, Japan-US trade friction has always accompanied it. The trade war between Japan and the United States lasted from the 1960s to the early 1990s. From textiles to steel, from color TV to automobiles, from semiconductors to telecommunications, six major industries were basically fought. To the surprise of the US government, no industry in Japan was repelled in the US-Japan trade war. Except for some products in Japan, which achieved "independent restrictions", Japan not only greatly promoted the structural adjustment of some industries, but also accelerated the "gorgeous turn". For example, in the home appliance industry, major Japanese manufacturers have shifted from consumer-oriented to enterprise-oriented clients; The automobile industry has become more and more brave, and it still occupies the position of an important exporter of family cars in the world. Japan’s falling into the "lost 20 years" trough is not caused by the trade friction between Japan and the United States, but the result of Japan’s own macro-control policy mistakes.

one

  The United States has held high the "301" stick for many times in history, but today’s determination and strength of China are destined to make this dispute different from any trade conflict provoked by the United States in the past. The biggest difference between China and other countries is that China has a vast territory and a large population. China is not simply an "export-oriented" country like Japan, but an economy where domestic demand is becoming the main driving force of economic development. China’s industrial transformation and upgrading will not be interrupted by a trade war triggered by the United States, and the development goal of Made in China 2025 will never end because of a trade war. On the contrary, due to external pressure, the government and people of China will make greater efforts to assess the situation and make concerted efforts, so as to make the big ship of China’s economy run more steadily and better in the storm.

one

  In response to the US statement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce of China have indicated that China will accompany us to the end and will resolutely fight back at any cost. It can be said that China’s response not only reflects China’s confidence and confidence in the Sino-US trade conflict, but also warns the Trump administration with oriental culture that China is not afraid of any threats, let alone "tariff violence", if China is pushed to the opposite side.

  (Global Critical Special Commentator,Director, Institute of World Economics, China Institute of International Studies Jiang yuechun)

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Notice of the General Office of Emergency Management Department on Printing and Distributing the Outline of Occupational Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineers and the

General Office of Emergency Management Department on Issuing

Outline of Vocational Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineer

Notice of the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Junior Registered Safety Engineers

Emergency room [2019] No.43

In order to do a good job in the professional qualification examination of intermediate and junior registered safety engineers, in accordance with the provisions of the professional qualification system of registered safety engineers and the implementation measures of the professional qualification examination of registered safety engineers (emergency [2019eightNo.), the Emergency Management Department organized the compilation of the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Intermediate Registered Safety Engineers and the Outline of the Professional Qualification Examination for Junior Registered Safety Engineers, which were approved by the Ministry of Commerce, Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Transport and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and are now issued for implementation.

Attachment:

1.Outline of occupation qualification examination for intermediate registered safety engineer

2.Outline of professional qualification examination for junior registered safety engineer

General office of emergency management department

2019yearfourmoon19sun

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Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security: The contribution ratio of basic old-age insurance units has dropped to 16% to reduce the burden on enterprises.

  Cctv newsOn January 14th, 2020, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security held a press conference for the fourth quarter of 2019. The heads of the Employment Promotion Department, the Vocational Capacity Building Department, the Pension Insurance Department, the Labor Security Supervision Bureau and the Information Center answered questions from reporters.

 

  The reporter asked, can you specifically introduce the effect of the policy of reducing social insurance rates in 2019? Are there any new measures to reduce fees in the next step?

  Nie Mingxi, Director of the Pension Insurance Department of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, introduced that on April 1, 2019, after the General Office of the State Council issued the Comprehensive Plan for Reducing Social Insurance Rates, all localities actively implemented it, and the work progressed very smoothly, with obvious results, which were mainly reflected in the following four aspects:

  First, all policies and measures have been put in place. From May 1, 2019, all the 29 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, as well as the basic endowment insurance units of government agencies and institutions, whose contribution rate is higher than 16%, have reduced to 16%. The provinces continued to reduce unemployment insurance rates in stages, and 26 provinces that met the conditions for reducing fees continued to reduce industrial injury insurance rates in stages. At the same time, the provinces have adjusted the payment base policy according to the actual situation, and the lower limit of the payment base has generally decreased, further reducing the payment burden of difficult enterprises and their employees, and further improving the flexibility of flexible employees in choosing the payment base.

  Second, the annual fee reduction target was exceeded. In 2015, the total premium rate of five social insurances for employees was 41%, and then it was reduced six times. Last year, it was the largest reduction. At present, the total premium rate of five social insurances has dropped to 33.95%, of which the unit premium rate has dropped to 23.45%, and the six fee reductions have decreased by 7.05 percentage points. According to the latest statistics, in 2019, the expenses of basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance for enterprise employees were reduced by 425.2 billion yuan, exceeding the target of 310 billion yuan at the beginning of the year. The previous five fee reductions totaled 550 billion yuan. Together with the total fee reductions last year, social insurance fees have been reduced by nearly one trillion yuan since 2015.

  Third, the effect of reducing the burden on enterprises is obvious. The fee reduction policy has strong inclusiveness and wide benefits, and the burden reduction effect is direct and effective. Both large and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises generally have a real sense of gain. Since the second half of last year, many media have intensively covered the feelings and effects of fee reduction at the grassroots level. Enterprises generally reported that the fee reduction policy has effectively reduced the labor cost of enterprises, and the fee reduction bonus has been transformed into the driving force for enterprise development and innovation, or into employee welfare to enhance enterprise cohesion, realize enterprise cost reduction, market vitality and employee benefits, which has been welcomed by the majority of enterprises and employees. At the same time, the social security rate is basically unified throughout the country, which has played a positive role in promoting the formation of a fair market competition environment and promoting balanced development among regions.

  The fourth is to promote the sound development of the old-age insurance system. According to the latest monthly statistics, in 2019, the total income of enterprise basic endowment insurance fund was 3,783 billion yuan, the total expenditure was 3,463.1 billion yuan, the current balance was 319.9 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance was 5,086.9 billion yuan. It is a very gratifying situation that we can still achieve a balance of more than 300 billion yuan in the current period under the circumstances that the fee reduction has exceeded expectations and the basic pension level of retirees has been further improved. It fully shows that after the fee reduction, the threshold for participating in insurance payment has been lowered, the vitality of enterprises has been enhanced, and the enthusiasm of participating units and individuals has been improved, which has not only stabilized and promoted employment, but also achieved reasonable growth in fund income, which has promoted a virtuous circle of enterprise development and pension insurance system development. At the same time, through measures such as compacting the responsibilities of provincial governments, increasing the proportion of central fund transfers, and increasing support for provinces with special difficulties, the structural contradiction of funds between provinces has been effectively alleviated, ensuring that basic pensions are paid in full and on time.

  In 2020, the State Council decided to reduce unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance rates in stages for another year. It is a long-term strategic arrangement to reduce the old-age insurance rate to 16%, and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will further consolidate the results of the fee reduction.

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Mass entrepreneurship should have four key elements.

  Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are strategic choices under the situation of "three phases" of China’s economic and social development, which is not only a major reform measure to fully stimulate the wisdom and creativity of hundreds of millions of people, but also an important way to achieve national prosperity and people’s prosperity; It is not only a scientific choice to improve the efficiency of spatial and temporal redistribution of production factors, but also an inevitable choice for people to move from an economic power to an economic power. However, mass entrepreneurship is a systematic project. To set off a wave of mass entrepreneurship in the whole society, we need to have and solve the following four key factors:

  One is the human factor. To form the situation of mass entrepreneurship, people, as the main body of entrepreneurship, must meet two conditions: they must have a strong entrepreneurial will; Have enough entrepreneurial ability. The stimulation of entrepreneurial will needs to form a strong cultural atmosphere of entrepreneurship and innovation in the whole society, respect innovation, advocate entrepreneurship, respect talents, protect the rights and interests of talents, and tolerate entrepreneurial failure. Encourage people to stress morality, value honesty, abide by the rule of law, and abide by contracts, so that innovation and entrepreneurship will become a common way of life, and the public will pay attention to entrepreneurship, think about entrepreneurship and be willing to practice entrepreneurship. It is necessary to increase publicity and recognition of typical entrepreneurship and give play to the role of demonstration. Moreover, the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability needs to start with education, change from exam-oriented education to quality education, strengthen employment guidance and entrepreneurship education for college graduates, implement the college students’ entrepreneurship leading plan, and support college graduates to start businesses in emerging industries. Governments at all levels should encourage and support the development of entrepreneurship counseling and training institutions, so that more willing entrepreneurs can improve their entrepreneurial ability and their chances of success.

  The second is the factor of capital. Mass entrepreneurship, especially "grassroots entrepreneurship", is often based on self-owned funds or raising funds from relatives and friends, but the risk of entrepreneurship is relatively high. Once entrepreneurship fails, entrepreneurs and their families will fall into life difficulties. Therefore, whether the external financing channels of venture capital are smooth has become the key factor for the formation of mass entrepreneurship wave. First of all, the government can set up a "venture fund for mass entrepreneurship" to ensure the continuous chain of funds for the follow-up development of entrepreneurship, and to really help the horse, it is necessary to send a ride. This year, the state plans to allocate 40 billion yuan to guide the start-up of emerging industries. How to manage and improve the efficiency of the use of funds is worthy of our consideration. Second, carry out financial structure reform. The existing financial structure tends to be higher and heavier. It is suggested that a part of the financial structure should be dedicated to serving entrepreneurs. For example, more standardized small and medium-sized banks can be established to serve entrepreneurs. Large funds managed by the state should increase the proportion of investment in innovation and entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurs should be encouraged and supported to adopt equity financing, so as to make social funds flow from virtual economy to real economy.

  The third is the factor of entrepreneurial opportunities. The search and grasp of entrepreneurial opportunities depends on the ability of entrepreneurs to search and recognize entrepreneurial information and opportunities, and on the supply ability of government entrepreneurial opportunities. From the government’s point of view, there are at least four aspects to be done: First, increase the publicity and interpretation of the existing innovation and entrepreneurship policies, so that entrepreneurs can learn more about the cultivation and support that innovation and entrepreneurship can obtain, and enhance the chances and confidence of entrepreneurial success. Second, the key to opening up the channel of transformation of scientific and technological achievements is to speed up the reform of the use and disposal of scientific and technological achievements and revenue management, so that scientific and technological personnel are willing to innovate, start businesses and transform, encourage all kinds of innovations, directly use them for entrepreneurship, participate in entrepreneurship through cooperation, and promote entrepreneurship through transfer. Innovation will inevitably lead to mass entrepreneurship. Third, create a fair and orderly market environment, change more "preferential" policies into "inclusive" policies, break some industry monopolies, reduce market access, and cancel unnecessary industry restrictions. For the innovation of some new formats and business models, we should give legal protection, protect, standardize and supervise them, promote fair competition and maintain market order. Fourth, accelerate social innovation, guide and support the establishment of social enterprises, realize cross-border cooperation among the government, enterprises, non-profit organizations and the media, solve social problems such as youth education, old-age care, women’s employment difficulties, and safeguarding the human rights of the disabled, and provide more channels and opportunities for mass entrepreneurship.

  The fourth is the policy system factor. Policy system is the condition and guarantee factor of mass entrepreneurship, so it is necessary to create conditions and environment for mass entrepreneurship, and clear the obstacles to entrepreneurship instead of setting obstacles. First, the government decentralizes profits to do "subtraction", promotes decentralization, simplifies administrative examination and approval procedures, and promotes the facilitation of investment and entrepreneurship. Second, formulate a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system. At present, the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship are usually blurred. In fact, even innovation is not the same as high-tech industry. Innovation also includes technological innovation, management innovation, model innovation, format innovation, market innovation, etc. At present, policy support or capital supply tend to be innovative and entrepreneurial in high-tech industries, while ignoring other industries and groups. Mass entrepreneurship is mostly "grass-roots" entrepreneurship, lacking high-tech support, and mostly related to traditional industries. However, these entrepreneurship may involve innovation in business format and mode, especially the application of "internet plus". Similar entrepreneurship has important contributions and significance for increasing employment and expanding domestic demand. Therefore, formulating a classified and guided entrepreneurship policy system can better stimulate the enthusiasm of mass entrepreneurship. Third, further promote the reform of financing system, taxation and circulation system, increase entrepreneurial opportunities in service industries, and provide convenient conditions for entrepreneurship in other industries. Improve the construction of legal environment, strengthen supervision after the event, punish illegal acts according to law, protect intellectual property rights, and establish a market environment of honest operation and fair competition. Further improve the policy system that is conducive to mass entrepreneurship, and implement and improve the cultivation and support policies that encourage mass entrepreneurship, such as tax reduction and exemption, small loan guarantee, capital subsidy, and venue arrangement.Form a new mechanism that the government supports entrepreneurship, the society supports entrepreneurship, and the public is willing to start a business and dares to start a business.

 

  Source: Qiushi

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Haikou is now "sharing her boyfriend": scan the code to pay 1 yuan to accompany her for 1 hour.

  We have ridden in bike-sharing, driven a shared car and used a shared charging treasure, but have you ever heard of a "shared boyfriend"? Yesterday afternoon, the reporter saw in a shopping mall in Haikou that six "shared boyfriends" with an average height of 1.8 meters and suits appeared in the shared boxes of six people. The reporter learned from the activists that the activity only lasted for two days, that is, on 24th and 25th, single women can take part in grabbing "boyfriend" by scanning the code to pay 1 yuan, and the person who pays the code first can take away the "boyfriend" and enjoy one-hour service.

  So where did these "shared boyfriends" come from? What services can they provide? The reporter interviewed this. Trainee reporter Cao Baoxin text/map

  "Boyfriend" tells

  Return to the shared box after 1 hour and let other customers scan the code.

  In the chaos, the reporter first scanned the code to pay 1 yuan, and successfully took away the "shared boyfriend" Xiaozhuang. Xiaozhuang told reporters that each customer only has the right to use the service for one hour. "When the time comes, we have to return to the shared box to let other customers scan the code, and customers can also choose to end the service in advance."

  According to Xiaozhuang, the "shared boyfriends" of this activity are all mall executives. "There were 7 executives yesterday and 6 today, but they are basically the same group." Xiaozhuang said that although the nominal activity time is from 15: 00 to 21: 00, they will also make some adjustments according to the actual situation, and there will be time for eating and rest in the middle.

  One day, I accompanied four female customers to the mall, and also took a photo show "Love".

  Xiaozhuang said that on the 24th, he accompanied four customers. "Basically, they are girls in their early twenties, mainly accompanying them to go shopping, carrying bags and taking photos. Our activities can only be in the shopping mall." He admitted that because he was shy, he was embarrassed to be photographed in the box at first, but later he got used to it. "Just chat with friends and go shopping, don’t take it as a serious matter."

  Xiaozhuang said that he had met a girl who asked for a photo show "love". "This is also within the scope of our service, but we will try to avoid physical contact. This is the regulation of the activity." Although there will be a break in the middle, Xiaozhuang said, "It is actually very tiring to toss from afternoon to evening. Although it is 9 pm, if the customer’s service time is not over, we have to continue to accompany it."

  Reporter visits

  Scan the code to pay 1 yuan to take away the "shared boyfriend" and accompany you shopping for 1 hour.

  At about 14 o’clock yesterday, the reporter saw in the mall that there were six tall shared boxes in the center of the lobby on the first floor of the mall. One side of the box was transparent, and the words "rent me" and "share my boyfriend" were marked on it. There are also rules for sharing boyfriends, "which can provide intimate services such as carrying bags, choosing clothes and taking photos; You can take your boyfriend away by scanning the code to pay 1 yuan without a deposit; Shared boyfriends can only be used once, and the use time is 1 hour. You can only stroll in the mall. "

  At 14: 40 on the same day, the shared boyfriend has not yet arrived. The reporter saw that many customers had poured into the shopping mall one after another, and many people were attracted by this activity and stopped in front of the empty sharing box to talk about it.

  According to the staff of a shop in the mall, the activity was held on December 24th, lasting for two days, from 15: 00 to 21: 00. "Now there are so many people before the activity started, and it was very lively yesterday, mainly because ‘ Boyfriend ’ Tall and handsome, everyone is scrambling to scan the code, and you want to scan it ‘ Boyfriend ’ It depends on luck. " The staff member said.

  Six tall and handsome men appeared, and the girls rushed to take pictures.

  "I heard from a friend yesterday that there is ‘ Share a boyfriend ’ So come and see what’s going on. It is said that you can accompany shopping and take photos. Today’s Christmas, I just pretend to be Xiu Xiu’s love in a circle of friends. " A girl smiled and said that she was going to try sweeping a "boyfriend".

  Just then, there were more and more people in the shopping mall. At this time, the broadcast sounded, and the event organizer announced that "the sharing boyfriend will arrive at the scene in five minutes" and reminded that "our event is only for single women, and girls should be a little reserved, abide by the rules of the event, and don’t scare ‘ Boyfriend ’ Children. "

  At about 15: 30, six tall and handsome young men, dressed in black suits and ties, came to the event site one after another and walked into their shared boxes under the organization of the event manager. It is understood that the six "shared boyfriends" are between the ages of 19 and 26, and they are all single.

  In less than five minutes, all six "shared boyfriends" are "taken"

  Before the event, citizens have 5 minutes to take photos. The reporter saw that many women raised their mobile phones to take photos. A woman in a red sweater also took the opportunity to take photos with one of the "shared boyfriends". Another older woman said to a "shared boyfriend", "I am ready to sweep you away."

  When the sound of code scanning countdown came from the radio, many women had raised their mobile phones to aim at the QR code. Less than five minutes after the countdown, six "shared boyfriends" were all brought out, and many girls who didn’t sweep them lamented again and again, "Why are you so fast? You can’t even slow your hand for a second, you can only wait another hour … …”

  Active party

  "Shared boyfriends" are all mall executives, and their height and face value have to pass.

  The reporter learned at the scene that most women expressed their approval and satisfaction with the service of "sharing boyfriends". So how are these popular "shared boyfriends" selected? Shi Guoshan, manager of the planning department of the shopping mall, told the reporter, "Our requirements are actually very simple, mainly depending on the height and face value. The height must be about 1.8 meters. ‘ Hardware facilities ’ Must meet the standard. "

  Shi Guoshan introduced that the "shared boyfriends" of this activity are all mall executives. "In fact, we have also recruited for the society, but few people have signed up. Secondly, for security reasons, we finally decided to use insiders, and our supervisors are very high in value and can get a shot."

  Error in customer payment amount can be refunded.

  In response to the one-hour use right of "shared boyfriend", Shi Guoshan said that customers can enjoy the service of "shared boyfriend" through WeChat timing. After the service time is over, "shared boyfriend" will return to the sharing box so that the next batch of customers can scan the code and use it. As for why the time is limited to one hour, Shi Guoshan explained, first of all, their resources are limited, there are not so many people, only 10 executives who can provide services. "The second is to keep customers fresh, because it doesn’t make much sense after a long time. We have also considered providing one-day service before, but this will be monotonous, and serving for one hour is a more feasible solution. "

  Regarding scanning code to pay for "boyfriend", Shi Guoshan said that the first customer who pays has the priority to enjoy the right to use "shared boyfriend", which is based on the time displayed on the payment interface, and the customers who follow will not be refunded if they scan the code again; If two customers scan the code and pay at the same time, the "boyfriend" will choose which customer to accompany in turn.

  "In addition, if there is a mistake in the payment process or the payment amount is wrong, the customer can promptly report it to the mall staff, and will refund it as long as it is in line with common sense." Shi Guoshan said.

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Global city competitiveness list released: 20 cities in China are among the top 100 economies, with Shenzhen leading the way.

From 1750 to 2050, the world will completely "enter the city".

Affected by the decline in the average competitiveness of cities in China, the United States and Europe, the average competitiveness of global cities declined slightly during the reporting period this year.

At the same time, the world needs to attach great importance to the severe challenges and solutions of municipal financing. According to Addis Ababa Action Agenda (UN 2015B), improving municipal finance is a global priority.

On the afternoon of November 12th, the fourth research report, Global Urban Competitiveness Report 2019-2020: The World Entering Cities in 300 Years, was officially released in Ningbo.

By convention, this report ranks the economic competitiveness and sustainable competitiveness of 1006 cities around the world.

Among them, 20 cities in China are among the top 100 in economic competitiveness, and Shenzhen leads with the fourth place in the world. Among the top 100 sustainable competitiveness, only nine China cities are on the list, and it is worth mentioning that Shenzhen ranks among the top 20 for the first time.

Shenzhen Image Source: Photo Network

In addition, this report also puts forward a new global city classification standard, adopts hierarchical clustering method to cluster and analyze the centrality index of 1006 sample cities, and divides the sample cities into three layers, including 2 categories, 5 groups and 10 levels.

The first class is a global city (a); The second is an international hub city (b); The third is an international gateway city (c); The fourth is the regional hub city (D); The fifth is the regional gateway city (E).

The results show that there are three A+ cities as global cities, namely new york, London and Tokyo. There are two A grades, Beijing and Paris, which "show that the global urban system is undergoing important changes and China has become an important pole in the world".

Economic competitiveness

Cities in northern China have fallen more.

What is global urban competitiveness?

According to the report, it refers to a city’s ability to attract, compete, own and control factors and markets, create more, faster, more efficient and more sustainable value and provide welfare for its residents in the process of global cooperation and competition.

The report shows that due to the decline in the average competitiveness of cities in China, the United States and Europe, the average competitiveness of global cities has declined slightly. This also indicates that if the trade war between major countries continues, it will not only weaken the competitiveness of cities in each country, but also weaken the competitiveness of global cities.

Top 20 global cities’ economic competitiveness in 2019

Source: China Academy of Social Sciences Urban and Competitiveness Index Database.

Among the top 20, North America has 9 seats, Asia has 8 seats and Western Europe has 3 seats. Overall, the top 20 cities in the world are fiercely competitive, and their rankings have changed significantly. Fourteen cities have changed, with the largest change of four rankings. Global comprehensive centers and science and technology centers have generally improved, while professional cities and manufacturing centers have generally declined.

From the ranking of global economic competitiveness of China cities, it can be seen that the overall ranking rises less and falls more, while the average value drops, and the specific ranking has a remarkable Matthew effect. From the index, the overall level has declined and the gap between cities has narrowed. Regionally, cities in the eastern and central regions rose more and fell less, while other cities fell more and rose less.

According to the report, five cities in China rank among the top 20, namely Shenzhen 4th, Shanghai 10th, Hong Kong 13th, Beijing 17th and Guangzhou 18th. Compared with last year, Shanghai rose 3 places, Beijing rose 2 places, Hong Kong fell 2 places, Guangzhou fell 4 places, and Shanghai surpassed Hong Kong.

There are 20 cities in the top 100, in addition to the above five cities, including:

Suzhou (25), Nanjing (42), Wuhan (43), Taipei (44), Chengdu (54), Hangzhou (64), Wuxi (65), Changsha (68), Qingdao (76), Chongqing (81), Tianjin (82) and Foshan (88).

Compared with last year’s ranking, Ningbo rose 11 places, Hangzhou rose 10 places, Qingdao and Foshan rose 9 places, Changzhou rose 8 places, Chengdu rose 6 places, Zhengzhou rose 5 places, Nanjing and Changsha rose 3 places, Suzhou and Taipei rose 2 places, while Tianjin fell 40 places.

Zooming into the top 200 in the world, 39 China cities were shortlisted this time, with Taizhou, Xi ‘an, Fuzhou and Dongguan ranking greatly improved, while Shenyang and Dalian dropped by 30 and 60 respectively.

According to the report, in terms of spatial distribution, cities with rising global urban competitiveness are mainly distributed in the west coast cities of the United States at 100 W, western European cities at 20 E and hancheng city, China and Japan at 110 ~ 140 E, and their latitudes are concentrated between 25 ~ 55 N. At the same time, "cities in northern China and eastern Europe have dropped more, while those in southern China and India have generally increased more".

Sustainable competitiveness

Asia has the most finalists in the top 200 cities.

In terms of sustainable competitiveness, the top 20 cities basically include the major cities in the world and the central cities of developed countries, among which five cities in the United States were selected, nine in Europe and six in Asia.

Top 20 global sustainable competitiveness in 2019

Source: China Academy of Social Sciences Urban and Competitiveness Index Database.

According to the report, the top 20 cities almost represent the characteristics and development of the country where they are located. "These top world cities can already be regarded as symbols of the development and achievements of the whole country."

As far as the top 200 cities are concerned, Asia has the largest number of cities and Europe has the highest average.

Among them, 65 cities in Asia were shortlisted, indicating that Asia, as the fastest-growing region in the world, has a strong upward trend, but at the same time, we can also see that the average value of the top 200 cities in Asia is low, and the sustainable competitiveness needs to be further improved. In North America and Europe, 60 cities and 58 cities respectively entered the top 200. Among them, the average sustainable competitiveness of European cities is the highest, and the quality of urban development is worthy of recognition.

The report also makes a comparative analysis of the top ten urban agglomerations in the world. It is found that the strength of urban agglomerations in the United States and Britain is outstanding. Although the urban agglomerations in developing countries such as China and India are large in scale, the gap between the central cities and surrounding cities is large and the development is uneven.

It is worth noting that because there are fewer cities in the cluster,The average sustainable competitiveness index of Seoul urban agglomeration ranks first in the world.. Among the European urban agglomerations,Rhine-Ruhr urban agglomeration has the smallest standard deviation.It shows the balance of urban development in old western European countries.

As far as China cities are concerned, the report believes that the sustainable competitiveness is steadily improving, and the average value is close to the global average, and the balance is better than the global average.

According to the data, two cities in China entered the top 20 this year, among which Hongkong ranked seventh in the world and Shenzhen ranked 19th in the world.

In addition, seven cities have entered the top 100 in the world:

Taipei (23), Shanghai (29), Beijing (38), Suzhou (58), Guangzhou (67), Nanjing (83) and Xiamen (94).

Another 22 cities live between 101 and 200:

Wuxi (103), Tianjin (108), Foshan (109), Taichung (110), Dongguan (121), Wuhan (122), Kaohsiung (124), Hangzhou (130), Chengdu (143), Qingdao (144) and Macau (144).

Urban sustainable development

Housing burden and production and consumption patterns are common shortcomings.

In fact, in the process of global rapid urbanization, urban sustainable development has become one of the most important issues, which has attracted wide attention from all walks of life around the world.

For example, as mentioned at the beginning of the article."Addis Ababa Action Agenda"Is an important achievement of the third United Nations International Conference on Financing for Development.

In July 2015, delegates from 193 United Nations Member States reached an agreement on global financial reform and adopted the above-mentioned document through negotiations. The then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon commented that this agreement is a key step forward in the process of building a sustainable future for all, and it provides a global framework for financing sustainable development.

Interestingly, this report has further strengthened the concern for sustainable development.It is the first time to try to measure the implementation progress of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals from the perspective of urban sustainable competitiveness.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are committed to eradicating poverty, protecting the earth and ensuring peace and prosperity for mankind through concerted action. This goal was put forward in September 2015, aiming at guiding all member countries to thoroughly solve the development problems in social, economic and environmental dimensions in a comprehensive way in the 15 years from 2015 to 2030, and move towards the road of sustainable development.

The report found that almost all countries or cities have shortcomings in their sustainable development goals to varying degrees.

In South America, the goals of clean energy, sustainable production and consumption and climate action are better than the world average, while others are equal to or lower than the global average.

Asian cities are better than the world average in terms of zero hunger, drinking water and sanitation, underwater creatures, land creatures, peace and justice, and the rest are equal to or lower than the global average.

Image source: photo network

The implementation level of most sustainable development goals in European cities is much higher than the global average, but they face great challenges in climate action and sustainable consumption and production.

North America has made good progress as a whole, but its performance in climate action and peace and justice needs to be improved.

Most indicators of the sustainable development goals of African cities are far below the world average, and only a few indicators perform well.

Specifically, item 11 of the sustainable development goal puts forward "building inclusive, safe, disaster-resistant and sustainable cities and human settlements". The monitoring results of this goal show that:Housing burden, social equity, heritage protection, production and consumption patterns and social security are the common shortcomings of urban sustainable development goals.

Ni Pengfei, the report leader, director of the Center for Urban and Competitiveness Research of China Academy of Social Sciences, and chief urban economist of the joint research group of China Academy of Social Sciences and UN-Habitat, said that at the request of the United Nations, starting from this year, the implementation progress of the global sustainable development goals will be evaluated from the perspective of cities every year to determine the progress of cities around the world in achieving the United Nations 2030 goals.

Global city classification

Beijing ranks among the "global cities", and Chengdu and Nanjing are eye-catching.

Grading global cities is a highlight of this report.

"Urban classification is an issue of special concern to the whole world. Some international institutions have done research before. This year, we and UN-Habitat have formulated a new research standard to evaluate 1006 cities around the world." Ni Pengfei said.

This assessment consideredUrban agglomeration and connectivity.Among them, the degree of agglomeration refers to the number of elements of a city’s agglomeration; Connectivity refers to the relationship between a city and other cities in the urban system.

Global urban classification index system

Image source: Economic Daily

As a global city, there are three A+ cities, new york, London and Tokyo. There are two A grades, Beijing and Paris;

As an international hub city: the number of B+ cities is 3, including Seoul, Shanghai and Chicago; There are 26 B grades, mainly including: Singapore, Hong Kong, Sydney, Dublin, Munich, Toronto, Osaka, etc.

As an international gateway city, the number of C+ cities is 29, mainly including Melbourne, Buenos Aires, Dubai, Warsaw and Copenhagen.

Judging from the intercontinental distribution of different levels of cities, there are obvious differences between the north and the south in the global urban system, and the north still has absolute advantages; From the perspective of national distribution of cities with different levels, cities in developed countries have performed better in the global urban system. However, cities in developing countries, such as China and Indian, are rising rapidly.

Look back to China.Beijing is the only city in developing countries that has been shortlisted for Class A..As a global city, Beijing ranks fourth in the city-level score, with its agglomeration and connectivity ranking 5 and 2 respectively, and Beijing has outstanding advantages in connectivity; Among them, hard contact ranks second, soft contact ranks fourth, and Beijing is particularly outstanding in hard contact.

Image source: photo network

Look at Shanghai again. Shanghai is rated as B+ and is an international hub city. Its city-level score ranks seventh, among which the degree of agglomeration and the degree of connection rank 9 and 8 respectively. However, the development of its soft connection and hard connection are not balanced, ranking 27 and 7 respectively, and the soft connection is relatively "slow".

Among the C cities, 22 China cities were selected. There are four C+ s-Guangzhou (40), Shenzhen (42), Chengdu (59) and Nanjing (60). It is worth noting that Nanjing has achieved "breakthrough" among the cities in the Yangtze River Delta.

While the other 18 cities got C grade, among which Hangzhou (66), Wuhan (69), Tianjin (73), Chongqing (76), Xi ‘an (77) and Qingdao (96) all scored in the top 100 cities in the world.

"Generally speaking, C+ cities in China have more advantages in soft agglomeration, and most C-level cities also have advantages in soft agglomeration." The report pointed out.

On the whole, China cities perform better in agglomeration, but there are shortcomings in connection.According to the report, the only city with high connectivity in China is Beijing, while the number of cities with medium connectivity and low connectivity is 10 and 280 respectively. "In terms of hard and soft connectivity, most cities in China still need to improve".

Cities of Grade C and above in China

Source: China Academy of Social Sciences Urban and Competitiveness Index Database.

Text │ Zhu Meijie Yu Ruijun

Original title: "Global City Competitiveness List, Perspective on the Real Strength of China City"