About the author: Han Xiping, Ph.D. in Political Economy, professor and doctoral supervisor, director of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center of Jilin University, and distinguished professor, a Changjiang scholar of the Ministry of Education. The third batch of leading talents of philosophy and social sciences in the national "Ten Thousand Talents Program", Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China cultural masters and "Four Groups" talents were selected, and the national talents of 100 million talents were members of the seventh discipline evaluation group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee. He presided over major projects of the National Social Science Fund and major ideological and political projects entrusted by the Ministry of Education.
Development is the basis and key to solve all problems in our country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader repeatedly stressed: "Liberating and developing productive forces is the essential requirement of socialism." How to understand and grasp the strategic thinking of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction in the new era as a whole? The newly published "Learning Outline of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era" (referred to as the "Outline") provides important auxiliary reading materials for the broad masses of cadres and the masses. The ninth chapter of the Outline focuses on Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, closely follows the main line of "leading high-quality economic development with new development concepts", and accurately explains the development concept, fundamental requirements, basic orientation, main line of work and strategic objectives of economic construction in the new era from five dimensions. This chapter has a broad vision, thorough reasoning and vivid expression, which is both "quenching thirst" and "solving doubts", and is of great guiding significance for formulating economic policy guidelines, perfecting development strategies and enhancing work creativity.
First, from the development concept to the specific countermeasures, gather the overall strategy of economic development in the new era.
The new development concept reflects the deepening of our party’s understanding of the law of economic and social development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "If the development concept is right, the objectives and tasks will be set, and the policy measures will be set accordingly." The "Outline" clearly points out: "The concept of development is the forerunner of development action and the concentrated expression of development ideas, development direction and development focus. Whether the development concept is right or not fundamentally determines the development effectiveness and even success or failure. " The development concept is strategic, programmatic and leading, and it is the basis for formulating specific development countermeasures. The change of development concept is a profound change related to the overall development. It is a systematic process from development concept to specific countermeasures, which is unified with Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice and outlines the overall strategy of economic development in the new era. Based on the level of countermeasures, the Outline systematically expounds China’s new development concept, clearly leads the high-quality economic development with the new development concept, and establishes a modern economic system, and profoundly answers the realistic questions of what kind of development China will achieve in the new era and how to achieve it.
The new development concept focuses on another major innovation of China’s development theory. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has complied with the new requirements of the times and practical development, adhered to the people-centered development thought, and put forward a radical policy of unswervingly implementing the new development concept and leading economic and social development. The new development concept is like a "baton, a traffic light", which leads China’s economy to change its development mode, optimize its economic structure, change its growth momentum, and push the economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development. It embodies our party’s profound insight and scientific grasp of the basic characteristics of the new development stage, and marks that our party’s understanding of the laws of economic and social development has reached a new height. This is not only a strategic choice to solve the development problem, but also has the characteristics of "managing the overall situation, managing the root, managing the direction and managing the long term".
The new development concept must run through the whole process of economic activities. In line with it, the concrete practice supporting the new development concept has formed a structural whole to promote economic development and outlined the overall strategy of economic development in the new era. Promoting high-quality development is the fundamental requirement for determining development ideas, formulating economic policies and implementing macro-control at present and in the future; It is the basic orientation of economic construction in the new era to insist that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government; Promoting supply-side structural reform is the main line of economic construction in the new era; Building a modern economic system is the strategic goal of China’s development. From development concept to specific countermeasures, all links, levels and fields of social and economic activities constitute an organic whole, which broadens the practical road of leading high-quality economic development with new development concepts.
Second, from high-speed growth to high-quality development, reflecting the transformation requirements of economic development in the new era.
Centering on economic construction is the key to rejuvenating the country. The "Outline" comes straight to the point, emphasizing that economic construction must respect the law of economic development, adapt to the changes of the main contradictions in our society, and meet the practical needs of building a well-off society and a socialist modern power in an all-round way. After the reform and opening up, China’s economy has ushered in a stage of rapid development. However, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the high-speed growth mode is not in harmony with the changes in practice, and the disadvantages of extensive economic’s unsustainable growth mode are increasingly exposed. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our understanding of the stage characteristics of economic development has been deepening. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "At this stage, the basic feature of China’s economic development is to shift from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage." The change of development concept reflects the profound change of economic development mode. From high-speed growth to high-quality development, the transformation of economic development in the new era is clear.
The main goal of economic development and transformation in the new era is to achieve high-quality economic development. The "Outline" vividly expresses high-quality development, that is, "economic development starts from ‘ Is there ’ Turn ‘ Ok ’ " . From high-speed economic growth to high-quality development means that China’s economy will inevitably transform into a stage with more advanced form, more optimized division of labor and more reasonable structure. The "Outline" points out that under the new normal, China’s economic development shows three characteristics: speed change, structural optimization and power conversion. "The growth rate should shift from high speed to medium high speed, the development mode should shift from scale speed to quality efficiency, and the economic structure adjustment should shift from incremental capacity expansion to adjustment of stock and optimization, and the development power should shift from relying mainly on resources and low-cost labor to innovation-driven." Promoting high-quality economic development is an inevitable requirement of economic development and transformation in the new era, but the transformation process is not easy.
To promote high-quality economic development, we must fully understand the "three unchanged". First, the fundamentals of healthy and stable economic development in China have not changed; Second, the conditions of production factors supporting high-quality development have not changed; Third, the overall momentum of long-term stability has not changed. Generally speaking, from high-speed growth to high-quality development, the transformation goal of China’s economic development in the new era has been established, that is, we must adhere to quality first and benefit first, promote the transformation of development mode, optimize economic structure, change growth momentum, accelerate the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development, continuously enhance economic innovation and competitiveness, and promote new progress in realizing high-quality development of China’s economy.
Third, from system innovation to system persistence, lay a solid foundation for Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic system.
To adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, the core issue is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market. In fact, it is necessary to deal with the question of whether the market plays a decisive role or the government plays a decisive role in resource allocation. The "Outline" elaborated in detail the process of our party’s deepening understanding of the relationship between the government and the market since the reform and opening up, and gradually made clear the important conclusion that "the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources". Making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government not only follows the general law of market economy, but also does not deny the interaction between the two. The formation of a socialist market economic system in which the market and the government complement and promote each other is another major innovation of our party in theory and practice.
Dealing with the relationship between the government and the market runs through the baseline of adhering to and improving China’s socialist basic economic system. China implements a socialist market economy system, and the public ownership economy occupies a dominant position in the national economy. Whether the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation or the government plays a better role, it will give full play to the advantages of the socialist system and serve to uphold and consolidate the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. System innovation and system persistence complement each other and complement each other. System innovation should be based on system persistence, and for better system persistence, we must respect the law of economic development and deepen system innovation. In the reform of the socialist market economic system, the foundation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic system has been consolidated from economic system innovation to system persistence.
Handle the relationship between the government and the market, especially treat the public economy and the non-public economy correctly. "Outline" clearly points out: "Public ownership economy and non-public ownership economy are both important components of the socialist market economy and an important foundation for China’s economic and social development". This exposition not only reflects the institutional innovation of China’s socialist market economy reform, but also shows China’s institutional persistence with public ownership as the main body. In the process of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice, China’s economic development has made great achievements, which proves the institutional advantages of the socialist market economic system. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed: "China’s basic economic system has been written into the Constitution and party constitution, which will not change and cannot be changed." This insistence on the system comes not only from the successful practice and brilliant achievements of China’s economic development since the reform and opening up, but also from the confidence in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic economic system. From system innovation to system persistence, it is not only our party’s profound understanding of the development of theory and practice, but also strengthens the confidence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic economic system.
Fourth, from demand regulation to supply-side structural reform, highlighting the main line of economic development and economic work
The "Outline" emphasizes: "It is necessary to take the promotion of supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic development and economic work at present and in the future." Supply-side management and demand-side management are two basic means of macroeconomic regulation and control. There are two main reasons why the supply-side structural reform should be promoted. First, the problem is forced. In the past, China’s macroeconomic policies were mainly oriented to the demand side of "investment, export and consumption". Especially after the global financial crisis in 2008, China launched the "4 trillion plan" economic stimulus plan. However, the contradiction between supply and demand has not been fundamentally resolved, and the sequelae of demand-side management and regulation have been constantly emerging with the slowdown of investment in infrastructure, resulting in overcapacity and excessive leverage. The second is to get rid of the need of path dependence. Economic "detachment from reality to virtuality" weakens the effectiveness of demand-side management, and due to many factors such as weak external demand, simple demand-side management encounters bottlenecks. Entering a new era, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "From the international experience, the development of a country fundamentally depends on the supply side." In addition, the world economic structure is also being adjusted, and China needs to adapt to the changes in the external environment, exert its strength from the supply side, and identify its own development orientation.
The ultimate goal of supply-side structural reform is to promote the adjustment of supply structure and meet people’s needs through reform. In the process of economic development, due to the lack of effective supply capacity, a large number of "demand spillovers" have resulted in a serious outflow of consumption capacity. The "Outline" pointed out that promoting structural reform on the supply side is an inevitable requirement for adjusting the economic structure, changing the mode of development, cultivating new impetus for growth, and realizing innovative development. The focus of the work in the new era is to start with the supply-side structural reform, solve major structural problems such as "structural imbalance between supply and demand in the real economy, imbalance between finance and the real economy, imbalance between real estate and the real economy", and realize the leap from low-level supply and demand balance to high-level supply and demand balance.
To deepen supply-side structural reform and promote high-quality economic development, we must adhere to the eight-character policy of "consolidating, strengthening, upgrading and smoothing". At present and in the future, we should take deepening the structural reform of the supply side as the main line of work, work hard on "breaking", "establishing" and "reducing", fully implement the five tasks of "three to one, one to reduce and one to supplement", solve the structural problems in supply and stimulate new impetus for economic growth. Promoting supply-side structural reform is the focus and main line of work in the new era, and it is also a major measure to promote China’s economy in the direction of "higher quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development".
Fifth, from practical strategy to theoretical sublimation, it has enriched and developed Marxist political economy.
"Outline" points out: "Our party has combined the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the great practice of reform and opening up, achieved a series of new important theoretical achievements, and formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy that adapts to the national conditions of contemporary China and the characteristics of the times". In the new era, in the face of international and domestic environmental changes and the unprecedented development situation in China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward a series of useful strategies, such as new development concepts, promoting supply-side structural reforms, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and building a modern economic system, in order to solve the problems of the development of the times, following the objective economic laws. It not only creates a new engine for economic and social development, but also solves many development problems that have been solved for a long time, successfully controls the overall situation of China’s economic development, promotes the continuous improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength, and connects the economic aggregate to a new level.
A strong country must have a strong economic system. Take the construction of a modern economic system as an example. First, we must deeply understand that the modern economic system is an organic whole covering all links, levels and fields of social and economic activities. Second, we must lay a solid foundation for the real economy. Third, we should give full play to the supporting role of innovation-driven development strategy. Fourth, we should optimize the spatial layout through the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Fifth, we should develop an open economy and improve international competitiveness. Sixth, we should deepen the reform of the economic system and improve the system guarantee.
Theoretical development lies in continuous deepening, and successful experiences need to be constantly summarized. It is precisely because of combining the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the great practice of comprehensively deepening reform, and exploring the law of socialist economic development according to the development and changes of the times and economic practice that General Secretary Supreme Leader put forward a series of groundbreaking new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, and created and formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.
Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the supreme leader in the new era has always adhered to the people-centered, scientifically answered the question of what kind of development and how to achieve it, clarified the interactive relationship between production relations and productivity development in the new era, explored the only way to achieve higher quality, higher efficiency, fairer and more sustainable development, deepened our party’s understanding of the law of economic development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, effectively guided China’s new development practice, opened up a new realm of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, and enriched and developed Marxist political economy.
