标签归档 西安高端外卖

　　A programmatic document guiding the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country

　　Qiushi magazine editorial department

　　In the first spring of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", China’s economic report card was once again brilliant: in the first quarter of 2021, the gross domestic product increased by 18.3% year-on-year, 10.3% over the same period of 2019, and the average growth rate was 5.0% in two years; The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size, total retail sales of social consumer goods, investment in fixed assets and total import and export of goods increased by 24.5%, 33.9%, 25.6% and 29.2% respectively. Investment in high-tech industries and social fields increased by 9.9% and 9.6% respectively in two years & hellip; … China’s major economic indicators have recovered steadily, innovation momentum has been continuously enhanced, market expectations have continued to improve, and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way has started well and the momentum is positive!

　　In the autumn of October, 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee deliberated and adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target in 2035. In March, 2021, the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress deliberated and adopted the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of the Long-term Target in 2035, which was based on the Proposal, and defined the 14th Five-year Plan and even longer.

　　This year marks the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and it is also the first year of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. Whether the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee can be well implemented and the "Proposal" and "Outline" of the 14th Five-Year Plan can be well implemented is related to the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country in the next five, fifteen or even longer years, and to the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Shortly after the beginning of the new year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the opening ceremony of the seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels to study and implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, delivered an important speech, and gave the "first lesson of the new year" to the "key minority" of the whole party on four issues:

　　The first question: accurately grasp the new stage of development.This paper systematically explains the theoretical basis, historical basis and realistic basis for China to enter a new stage of development, as well as the objectives, tasks, opportunities and challenges of the new stage of development.

　　The second question: thoroughly implement the new development concept.It emphasizes the need to implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, and puts forward new requirements for grasping the new development concept from three aspects: fundamental purpose, problem orientation and sense of urgency.

　　The third question: accelerate the construction of a new development pattern.The strategic significance of building a new development pattern is expounded in depth, some misunderstandings are clarified, and the main direction of building a new development pattern is clarified.

　　Fourth question: Strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over socialist modernization.Put forward clear requirements from the aspects of giving play to the advantages of the party, understanding the spirit of the plenary session, improving the political "three forces" and systematically planning and promoting.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s important speech "Grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern" gives a concentrated, in-depth, accurate and authoritative explanation of the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and profoundly answers a series of directional, fundamental and strategic major issues concerning China’s overall development, which is of great and far-reaching guiding significance to the work of the party and the state. All comrades in the Party should thoroughly study, understand and implement the spirit of the important speech of the General Secretary, and further unify their thinking, improve their positions and broaden their horizons in combination with the spirit of a series of important speeches delivered by the General Secretary at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) Conference, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, the Central Economic Work Conference, the Central Rural Work Conference, the deliberation and discussion of the National People’s Congress and the inspection tour of Jiangsu, Guizhou, Fujian and Guangxi. Accurately grasp the new development stage, thoroughly implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, solidly promote high-quality development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, ensure a good start in building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way, and greet the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with excellent results.

　　Great leap in the historical process of national rejuvenation

　　On the historical node of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s centenary birthday, China has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, marching towards the goal of the second centenary, which is "a great leap in the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation".

　　On March 11th, 2021, the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress voted to adopt a resolution on the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Yuwei/photo

　　Turning over the history of China in modern times and realizing national modernization and national rejuvenation are "the greatest dream of the people of China" and "the highest and fundamental interests of the Chinese nation", inspiring hundreds of millions of Chinese people to make unswerving and arduous explorations. After the Opium War, countless people with lofty ideals struggled to find the way to China’s modernization, but under the conditions of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, China’s modernization did not and could not succeed.

　　The grand goal of modernization has historically fallen on the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s shoulders. As the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee: "All the struggles that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has United and led the people of China in the past hundred years are aimed at building China into a modern power and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." In 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated: "The task of the working class in China is not only to fight for the establishment of a new-democratic country, but also to fight for the industrialization and agricultural modernization of China." After the founding of New China, our party proposed to "build China into a powerful socialist country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense and modern science and technology". In the new period of reform and opening-up, our party has established the correct road to realize socialist modernization in China according to new practical and historical experience, put forward the "three-step" strategy, and made it clear that "modernization will be basically realized by the middle of the 21st century".

　　In the new era, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward a series of new ideas, new concepts and new requirements around the major issue of how to comprehensively build socialist modernization, stressed that realizing socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is "the general task of upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics", and systematically planned the strategic arrangement of building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way in two steps. The general secretary pointed out that China’s modernization is "very different from that of western developed countries", "it is a modernization with a huge population, a modernization of common prosperity for all people, a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated, a modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously, and a modernization that takes the road of peaceful development"; It is necessary to "comprehensively promote economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction, and promote the coordinated development of all links and aspects of modernization" and "promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity". These important expositions of the General Secretary have greatly deepened our Party’s understanding of the laws of socialist modernization, effectively guided and promoted China’s modernization drive and made great achievements.

　　Standing at the historical intersection of the goal of "two hundred years", the journey of national modernization and national rejuvenation has reached a critical historical juncture. How to build a socialist modernization in an all-round way? Faced with the great trust of history and the expectations of the people, with a strong sense of responsibility and mission, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally served as the head of the drafting group of the "Proposal" of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, presided over a series of important meetings, and made top-level designs on a series of major issues related to the country’s medium-and long-term development; In-depth investigation and research at the grassroots level, presided over the symposium of experts and entrepreneurs in different fields and grassroots people, and widely listened to opinions and suggestions in various ways. "China will enter a new stage of development", "The development of the new era and new stage must implement the new development concept and must be high-quality development", "Building a new development pattern is a strategic choice to keep pace with the times and improve the level of China’s economic development, as well as to shape China’s new advantages in international economic cooperation and competition" … … The general secretary’s series of strategic plans provide a fundamental basis for the scientific compilation of the "Proposal" and "Outline" of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and draw a grand blueprint for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　Entering a new development stage, implementing new development concepts and building a new development pattern are the core essence and logical thread of the Proposal and Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the strategic orientation throughout the Tenth Five-Year Plan period and even the whole process of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and an important part of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. In this important speech, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a profound explanation on the background, theoretical connotation, practical requirements and interrelationships of these three "new", emphasizing that "entering a new development stage, implementing new development concepts and building a new development pattern are determined by the theoretical logic, historical logic and realistic logic of China’s economic and social development, and they are closely related. Entering the new development stage has defined the historical orientation of China’s development, implemented the new development concept, defined the guiding principles of China’s modernization, and constructed a new development pattern to define the path choice of China’s economic modernization. Grasping the new development stage is the realistic basis for implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern. Implementing the new development concept provides an action guide for grasping the new development stage and building a new development pattern, while building a new development pattern is a strategic choice for coping with the opportunities and challenges of the new development stage and implementing the new development concept. "

　　"Based on the new development stage, implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development are the tasks that the whole party and the whole country must pay close attention to at present and in the future." During the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress, when attending the deliberation of the Qinghai delegation, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward clear requirements for further implementing these three "newness". We should thoroughly study, understand and implement it, and promote it to take root and blossom in practical work.

　　Accurately grasp the new historical position

　　The new stage of development is the stage of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and marching towards the goal of the second century. Making this important strategic judgment provides the coordinates of the times for accurately grasping the new historical orientation and practical requirements of China’s development.

　　In different historical periods, our party always correctly understands its historical position and development stage according to the wishes of the people and the needs of career development, puts forward inspiring goals, and unites and leads the people to fight for them. In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader systematically reviewed the process of our party’s establishment of line, principles and policies in different historical periods, and profoundly stated: "A correct understanding of the historical position and development stage of the cause of the party and the people is the fundamental basis for our party to clarify the central tasks at different stages and formulate line, principles and policies, and it is also an important experience for our party to lead the revolution, construction and reform to win continuously."

　　What kind of historical position will China be in after building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the goal of the first century? In August 2020, at the symposium of experts in the economic and social fields, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader was far-sighted and judged the situation, and made a strategic judgment that China would enter a new stage of development. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the General Secretary elaborated on the new stage of development. In this important speech, the General Secretary further expounded the theoretical basis, historical basis and practical basis of the new development stage from the perspective of combining history with reality, theory with practice, and domestic and international.

　　See the theoretical basis.The general secretary emphasized that the development of socialism is a long-term historical process and needs to be divided into different historical stages. Socialism itself is the primary stage of communism, and China is in the primary stage of socialism. The new development stage we are in today is a stage in the primary stage of socialism, and it is also a stage that has accumulated for decades and stood at a new starting point.

　　Look at the historical basis.The general secretary stressed that the new stage of development is a new stage in which our party leads the people to usher in a historic leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. Over the past century, our Party has united and led the people to establish the new China, established the basic socialist system, carried out socialist construction on a large scale, carried out a new great revolution of reform and opening up, achieved a new historic leap in the process of socialist modernization, and ushered in the bright future of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Today, we are continuing to write a new glorious history of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way on the basis of past development.

　　Look at the realistic basis.The general secretary emphasized that we already have a solid material foundation to start a new journey and achieve new and higher goals. Through unremitting efforts, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards have leapt to a new level. In particular, great historical achievements have been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way and solving the absolute poverty problem that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years. This is a milestone in the process of China’s socialist modernization, laying a solid foundation for China to enter a new stage of development and March toward the goal of the second century.

　　Entering the new stage of development, our goal and task is to complete the historical ambition of building a socialist modern country in the next 30 years. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we have made clear the road map and timetable for future development, namely: "By 2035, socialist modernization will be basically realized in three five-year planning periods. Then, it will take three five-year planning periods to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power by the middle of this century. "

　　To achieve such a goal and task, we are confident, capable and sure. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said with great determination, "This time, in response to the global epidemic of COVID-19, what are the advantages of leadership and system of various countries?" He emphasized that "the time and the situation are on our side, which is where our determination and confidence lie, and also where our determination and confidence lie." At the same time, he pointed out that "at present and in the future, although China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities, there are new developments and changes in opportunities and challenges, and the opportunities and challenges are unprecedented in general. The General Secretary demands that the whole Party must continue to be modest and prudent, work hard, mobilize all the positive factors that can be mobilized, unite all the forces that can be United, do its best to do its own thing, and persevere in achieving our set goals.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great achievements in leading the people of China to carry out socialist modernization show the world that there is more than one road to modernization, and there is neither a model of modernization fixed on one honour nor a universal standard of modernization in the world. In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out that "the modernization we are building must have China characteristics and conform to the reality of China", and reiterated the five points that were particularly emphasized at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, that is, China’s modernization is a modernization with a huge population, common prosperity for all people, harmony between material civilization and spiritual civilization, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and peaceful development. The general secretary stressed that "this is the direction that China’s modernization must adhere to, and it should be reflected in the principles and policies, strategies and tactics, policy measures and work arrangements of China’s development, and promote the joint efforts of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country."

　　In short, the new stage of development is an important stage in China’s socialist development process, which is of great significance not only in China’s modernization process, but also in the whole historical process of China’s primary stage of socialism. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that the primary stage of socialism is not a static, unchanging and stagnant stage, nor a spontaneous, passive stage that can be crossed naturally without much effort, but a dynamic, positive and always full of vitality, and it is a step-by-step progressive, continuous development and progress, and increasingly close to the qualitative leap of quantity accumulation and development. Building a socialist modern country in an all-round way is not only the requirement of China’s development in the primary stage of socialism, but also the requirement of China’s socialism moving from the primary stage to a higher stage, which embodies the laws of communist party’s governance, socialist construction and the development of human society.

　　Complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept

　　Idea is the forerunner of action, and certain development practices are led by certain development ideas. The new development concept clarifies the guiding principles of China’s modernization. To make a good start in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, we must first implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively.

　　The construction of xiong’an new area in Hebei Province is tense and orderly, with buildings springing up everywhere and the city changing with each passing day. People’s vision Liu Shuaiye/photo

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, profound changes have taken place in China’s development environment and conditions. What kind of development and how to achieve it under the new situation have been placed in front of us historically. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly summed up the development experience and lessons at home and abroad and the general trend of development. In view of the outstanding contradictions and problems in China’s development, he creatively put forward a new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, scientifically answered a series of theoretical and practical questions about the purpose, motivation, mode and path of development, and expounded the major political issues such as our party’s political stance, value orientation, development model and development path on development, leading China’s economic development to achieve historic achievements and changes.

　　Mingyue Gorge, located in Guangyuan section of Jialing River in Sichuan, integrates ancient plank road, ancient post road, Jialing River waterway, trackman road, highway and railway into one gorge, which shows the whole process of historical changes of ancient, modern and modern transportation. The picture shows the train passing the Jialing River Bridge in Guangyuan. China News Agency issued Cao Ning/photo

　　The new development concept is a systematic theoretical system, which is the main content of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought in the new era of the supreme leader. It is necessary to integrate the implementation of the new development concept with the implementation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, and with the implementation of the scientific judgment made by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on the economic situation, the scientific deployment of economic work and the major theories put forward on economic and social development since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In this important speech, the General Secretary outlined 13 main aspects: first, adhering to the people-centered development thought; second, no longer simply talking about heroes based on the GDP growth rate; third, China’s economy is in a "three-phase superposition" period; fourth, economic development has entered a new normal; fifth, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving better play to the role of the government; sixth, adhering to the new development concept. Eight is to promote structural reform on the supply side, nine is insufficient imbalance in development, ten is to promote high-quality development, eleven is to build a modern economic system, twelve is to build a new development pattern with domestic big cycle as the main body and domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and thirteen is to coordinate development and security. These 13 important ideological concepts reflect the core essence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, and are an important follow-up for the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept.

　　Entering a new stage of development, facing the new situation and new tasks of development, we should further grasp the new development concept. In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward new requirements for the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept from three aspects: fundamental purpose, problem orientation and sense of urgency.

　　First, grasp the new development concept from the fundamental purpose.Adhering to the people-centered development thought embodies the party’s ideals and beliefs, nature and purpose, and initial mission. Seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation is not only the starting point and foothold of our party’s leadership in modernization, but also the "root" and "soul" of the new development concept. Everything our party does is, in the final analysis, to make the people live a better life. Only by insisting that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, can we have a correct concept of development and modernization. To implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, we must pay more attention to the issue of common prosperity, which is not only an economic issue, but also a major political issue related to the ruling foundation of the party. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly emphasized: "We must not allow the gap between the rich and the poor to widen, and the poorer the poor, the richer the rich, and we must never create an insurmountable gap between the rich and the poor." In this regard, the general secretary dialectically put forward the requirements: on the one hand, we should make overall consideration of needs and possibilities, and proceed step by step in accordance with the laws of economic and social development; On the other hand, this work can’t wait. We should consciously and actively solve the problems such as regional disparity, urban-rural disparity and income disparity, promote all-round social progress and all-round human development, promote social fairness and justice, make development achievements more fair and benefit all the people, and constantly enhance people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security, so that people can truly feel that common prosperity is not just a slogan, but a tangible and real fact.

　　Second, grasp the new development concept from the problem orientation.China’s development has stood at a new historical starting point. According to the new requirements of the new development stage, we should adhere to the problem orientation, implement the new development concept more accurately, effectively solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance and promote high-quality development. In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader highlighted four issues: First, self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology has become the basic ability to determine China’s survival and development, and there are many "stuck neck" problems; Second, there is a big gap between urban and rural areas in China, and how to solve this problem, there are many new problems that need in-depth study; Third, China’s energy system is highly dependent on fossil energy such as coal, and the production and living system is under great pressure to transform into green and low carbon. It is extremely arduous to achieve the goal of carbon emission peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Fourth, the external environment is becoming more and more complex and changeable. We must handle the relationship between self-reliance and openness and cooperation, actively participate in the international division of labor and safeguard national security, handle the relationship between the use of foreign capital and security review, and expand opening up on the premise of ensuring security. In response to these outstanding problems, the General Secretary clearly demanded: "The understanding of the new development concept should be deepened, and the measures should be more precise and pragmatic to truly achieve high-quality development."

　　Third, grasp the new development concept from the sense of hardship.With the changes of major social contradictions in China and the profound adjustment of international forces, the internal and external risks facing China’s development have risen unprecedentedly. We must strengthen our sense of hardship, adhere to the bottom line thinking, and be ready to deal with more complicated and difficult situations at any time. In this important speech, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward clear requirements for overall development and security from the aspects of politics, economy, social fields and system construction: First, we must adhere to the organic unity of political security, people’s security and the supremacy of national interests, not only dare to fight, but also be good at fighting, and strengthen ourselves in an all-round way, especially to enhance the strength of deterrence; Second, macro-economy should be prevented from ups and downs, foreign capital should be prevented from flowing in and out in the capital market, food, energy and important resources should be supplied safely, the supply chain of industrial chain should be stable and safe, the disorderly expansion and barbaric growth of capital should be prevented, the ecological environment should be ensured, and safety in production should be resolutely ensured; Third, in the social field, we should prevent the risk of large-scale unemployment, strengthen public health safety, and effectively resolve all kinds of mass incidents; Fourth, we should strengthen the institutional construction of safeguarding national security, learn from the experience of other countries, and study how to set up necessary "glass doors" and add different locks at different stages to effectively deal with various issues involving national security.

　　Grasp and promote the construction of a new development pattern from the overall height

　　Speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core according to China’s new development stage, new historical tasks and new environmental conditions. It is another major theoretical achievement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, which has made clear the path choice for China’s economic modernization.

　　Why should we build a new development pattern? What are the strategic considerations behind it? In recent years, in the face of profound changes in the external environment and internal conditions of China’s development, especially the deep adjustment of the international economic cycle pattern and the far-reaching impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made in-depth thinking on major issues involving the country’s medium-and long-term economic and social development. During the epidemic in COVID-19 last year, the General Secretary visited several provinces for investigation and research, and he was keenly aware that "the environmental conditions of" big entry and big exit "have changed, and new ideas must be put forward to lead development according to the new situation". On April 10, 2020, at the seventh meeting of the Central Committee of Finance and Economics, the General Secretary creatively proposed to "build a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other". In a series of subsequent important speeches, especially at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the General Secretary made comprehensive arrangements for building a new development pattern. In this important speech, the General Secretary further pointed out that building a new development pattern "is a strategic layout and a first move to grasp the initiative of future development, a major historical task to be vigorously promoted in the new development stage, and a major measure to implement the new development concept".

　　Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is a major strategic task related to China’s overall development, which "needs to be accurately grasped and actively promoted from the overall situation". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader discussed in depth the strategic significance of building a new development pattern, clarified the misunderstanding and made clear the main direction.

　　About strategic significance.The economy of big countries is characterized by domestic demand and internal recycling. As a socialist country with a large population and a large market scale, China is bound to bear all kinds of pressures and severe challenges that other countries have never encountered in the historical process of modernization. Only by standing on our own feet, smoothing the domestic circulation, and striving to cultivate a body that is immune to all poisons and indestructible, can we let the international situation change and always survive and develop with vigor, and no one can knock us down and lock us up! General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that to speed up the construction of a new development pattern is to enhance our viability, competitiveness, development and sustainability in all kinds of foreseeable and unpredictable storms and stormy waves, and to ensure that the great rejuvenation process of the Chinese nation will not be delayed or even interrupted.

　　About the misunderstanding.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that in practice, we should pay attention to guard against the following eight misunderstandings: First, we unilaterally emphasize "focusing on the domestic cycle" and advocate a substantial contraction in opening up; Second, one-sided emphasis on "domestic and international double circulation" and adherence to the old idea of "two ends are outside, big entry and big exit"; Third, we should go it alone, draw the land as a prison, and only consider building a small market in this region and engaging in our own small cycle; Fourth, it is believed that smooth economic circulation means smooth logistics and low-level logistics circulation; The fifth is to solve the technical problem of "sticking the neck", do everything by yourself and engage in redundant construction; Sixth, we talked about expanding domestic demand and forming a large domestic market, and began to blindly borrow to expand investment, excessively stimulate consumption, and even went to large-scale projects with high energy consumption and high emissions; Seventh, it does not pay attention to supply-side structural reform, but only pays attention to demand-side management; Eight is that this is only a matter for the economic and technological departments, and has little to do with their own departments, and so on. The general secretary pointed out that these understandings are one-sided or even wrong and must be prevented and corrected.

　　About critical tasks.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader used the analogy of "Ren Du Er mai" in Chinese medicine to emphasize that the key to building a new development pattern lies in the unimpeded economic cycle. If the economic cycle is smooth, material products will increase, social wealth will accumulate, people’s well-being will be enhanced, and national strength will be enhanced; If there are blocking points and breakpoints in the process of economic cycle, the cycle will be blocked, which will be manifested as the decline of growth rate, the increase of unemployment, the accumulation of risks, the imbalance of international payments, etc., and will be manifested as overcapacity, the decline of enterprise benefits, and the decline of residents’ income, etc. The general secretary pointed out that at the present stage of China’s development, the most important task of smoothing the economic cycle is to effectively smooth the supply side. To this end, we must persist in deepening the structural reform of the supply side, continue to accomplish the important task of "three to one, one reduction and one supplement", comprehensively optimize and upgrade the industrial structure, enhance the innovation ability, competitiveness and comprehensive strength, enhance the toughness of the supply system, form a more efficient and high-quality input-output relationship, and realize the dynamic balance of the economy at a high level.

　　About the most essential characteristics.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that the most essential feature of building a new development pattern is to achieve a high level of self-reliance. At present, China’s economic development environment has changed, especially the relative advantages of production factors have changed, so we must emphasize independent innovation more. In the Proposal of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the first major measure is scientific and technological innovation, and the second is to break through the industrial bottleneck. The General Secretary pointed out that we must understand this issue from the perspective of survival and development, comprehensively strengthen the deployment of scientific and technological innovation, pool superior resources, vigorously and orderly promote the system and mechanism of "unveiling the list and taking the lead" in tackling innovative problems, strengthen the docking between innovation chain and the industrial chain, clarify the road map, timetable and responsibility system, make a good start for departments and local governments, and give full support to governments that are suitable for enterprises. State-owned enterprises, such as central enterprises, should shoulder heavy burdens and take the lead, and be the "source" of original technology and the "chain length" of modern industrial chain.

　　China has accelerated the development of new energy and renewable energy, and the energy consumption structure has been continuously optimized. In 2020, China took the lead in drilling and mining deep-sea "combustible ice" with horizontal wells. The picture shows the second round trial production platform of natural gas hydrate in China’s sea area "Blue Whale 2" spewing double flames (photo taken on March 25, 2020). Xinhua News Agency issued the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey for the picture.

　　About the strategic base point.To build a new development pattern, we must adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that in today’s world, the scarcest resource is the market. Market resources are a huge advantage of our country, so we must make full use of and give full play to this advantage, constantly consolidate and enhance this advantage, and form a strong support for building a new development pattern. Expanding domestic demand is not a temporary strategy to deal with financial risks and external shocks, nor is it to engage in flood irrigation, nor is it just to increase government investment. Instead, it is necessary to establish an effective system to expand domestic demand according to the actual situation of China’s economic development, release the potential of domestic demand, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, strengthen demand-side management, expand household consumption, and upgrade consumption levels, so as to make the construction of a super-large domestic market a sustainable historical process.

　　About internal and external relations.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that to build a new development pattern and implement high-level opening to the outside world, we must have a strong domestic economic circulation system and a solid basic disk, and thus form a strong attraction to global factor resources, a strong competitiveness in fierce international competition, and a strong driving force in global resource allocation. We should focus on five aspects: first, we should continue to deepen the mobile opening of goods, services, funds, talents and other elements, and steadily expand the institutional opening of rules, regulations, management and standards; Second, it is necessary to strengthen the leading role of the domestic macro-cycle in the dual cycle and shape China’s new advantages in participating in international cooperation and competition; Third, we should attach importance to improving the efficiency and level of domestic large-scale circulation with international circulation, and improve the quality and allocation level of production factors in China; Fourth, by participating in international market competition, we should enhance the competitiveness of China’s export products and services, promote China’s industrial transformation and upgrading, and enhance China’s influence in the global industrial chain supply chain innovation chain; Fifth, we should pay attention to understanding international affairs, and thoroughly study the situation of stakeholders, trading partners and investment targets, so as to be aware of the advantages and avoid disadvantages.

　　The key lies in the party and the key lies in the core.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "Whether we can control the world’s second largest economy and maintain sustained and healthy economic and social development fundamentally depends on whether the party plays a leading role in economic and social development."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and under the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the cause of the party and the country has made all-round, pioneering and historic achievements. Especially since 2020, in the face of the severe and complicated international situation, arduous and arduous tasks of domestic reform, development and stability, especially the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has maintained its strategic strength, accurately judged the situation, carefully planned and deployed, and acted decisively, uniting and leading the whole party and the people of all nationalities to hand over an answer that is satisfactory to the people, attracts worldwide attention and can go down in history. Practice tells us that the authority of the CPC Central Committee is the fundamental support of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups in times of crisis. In the face of major historical juncture and major tests, the judgment, decision-making power and action of the CPC Central Committee play a decisive role. Practice has fully proved that the decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core are completely correct. The CPC Central Committee has the skillful ability to control complex situations and the superb wisdom to lead China’s economic giant to break the waves, which is the backbone for us to overcome all risk challenges.

　　To embark on a new journey, grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern and promote high-quality development, we must pay more attention to strengthening the overall leadership of the party. In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward clear requirements for strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over socialist modernization from the aspects of giving full play to the Party’s advantages, understanding the spirit of the plenary session, improving the political "three forces" and systematically planning and promoting it.

　　The most striking feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the close combination of theoretical innovation and practical innovation, institutional self-confidence and cultural self-confidence, and it has strong political, theoretical, institutional and cultural advantages in promoting development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader explicitly requested that the implementation of the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee should be closely integrated with the implementation of the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity should be continuously promoted, and the political advantages of adhering to the Party’s overall leadership and the institutional advantages of adhering to the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system should be unified with the theoretical advantages of adhering to the new development concept, so as to promote the Party’s leadership in socialist modernization to be more scientific and rational in functional allocation, more complete in institutional mechanisms and more efficient in operation and management.

　　The "Proposal" and "Outline" of the "14th Five-Year Plan" are very rich in content, including macro ideas, guiding principles, strategic ideas and specific requirements, including consistent strategic deployment since the 18th CPC National Congress, new major judgments and new strategic initiatives. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader particularly emphasized that "you can’t learn without hard work" and "if you can’t learn, you can’t grasp the key points, step on the point and implement the spirit of the plenary session". To this end, the General Secretary put forward clear requirements for leading cadres at all levels, especially senior cadres, to learn from the original, understand one by one, highlight the key points and innovations on the premise of overall grasp, carry forward the excellent style of study of integrating theory with practice, base on the present and focus on the long-term, and enhance work enthusiasm, initiative and creativity.

　　The "Proposal" and "Outline" of the "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasize upholding the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, strengthening cultural self-confidence, and promoting the construction of a strong socialist cultural country around the mission of raising flags, gathering people’s hearts, cultivating new people, rejuvenating culture and displaying image. The picture shows readers reading books in Taohuayuan Branch of Songpo Library in Shaoyang City, Hunan Province. Xinhua News Agency issued Ceng Yong/photo

　　Economy is the foundation of politics, and politics is the concentrated reflection of economy. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that it is necessary to be "good at seeing problems politically", "senior cadres should become Marxist politicians, and leading cadres at all levels should become politically savvy". Economic work has never been abstract and isolated. Only by doing economic work from a political perspective can we really do a good job. Only by being good at observing and analyzing economic and social problems with political vision can we really see through the problems. The General Secretary clearly requires leading cadres at all levels, especially senior cadres, to constantly improve their political judgment, political understanding and political execution based on the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, with the "country’s greatest strength" in mind, and constantly improve their political ability, strategic vision and professional level in grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern, dare to take responsibility and be good at doing things, and implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee.

　　To lead a large eastern country with a population of more than one billion to realize socialist modernization, our Party must persist in seeking truth from facts, striving for progress steadily, and promoting in coordination, strengthen forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and overall promotion, and realize the unity of development quality, structure, scale, speed, efficiency, and safety. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly demanded that no region or nation should fall behind in building socialist modernization in an all-round way. At the same time, China’s regional differences are large and its development is unbalanced, so the modernization process cannot be carried out in quick march. We should encourage qualified regions to take the lead in realizing modernization and support other regions to achieve modernization.

　　China is the largest socialist country in the world. When China is built into a socialist modern power in an all-round way and becomes the first modern power in the world to be successfully built on the socialist road instead of the capitalist road, the great social revolution led by our party in China will more fully demonstrate its far-reaching historical significance. The whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in China are closely United around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, shoulder heavy burdens and responsibilities bravely, work hard and work hard, and will surely make achievements worthy of the party, the people and history, and March forward courageously towards the goal of building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way!

　　For a long time, due to the media and reality, people are only familiar with the MLRS rocket launchers in the United States, while the rockets in the Soviet Union and Russia only stay in a one-sided understanding of the Stalin Organ. In fact, Russia now has the most comprehensive rocket launcher in the world-BM-30 tornado.

　　origin

　　After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Union and Germany launched a life-and-death fight on the vast land of Russia. The German air-ground coordinated blitzkrieg and the Soviet continuous assault mode with wide front, large depth and strong firepower were verified and developed in the reciprocating confrontation.

　　The demand of war naturally brings the need of equipment technology progress. The essence of blitzkrieg is to penetrate into the enemy’s depth as soon as possible, and to intimidate the enemy to the maximum extent and deconstruct the enemy’s defense system. If the defensive side is on guard or the defensive line is tight and hierarchical, it will be difficult to achieve the effect of blitzkrieg (such as Moscow in 1941 and Kursk in 1943).

　　On the Soviet side, the theory of deep assault must meet two conditions in the attack to be effective: rapid breakthrough and deep maneuver. However, for the Germans who are good at making up the gap in the defense line quickly, the former is often difficult to work at one time.

　　In the operational theory of the Soviet Red Army during World War II, it was emphasized that a large number of concentrated artillery and frontline attack aviation firepower. At that time, the number of radio equipment of the Soviet Red Army was insufficient and its performance was not good, so it could not be equipped to grass-roots units. Naturally, there were no artillery advance observers (or fire guides) from the Western Allied Forces or Nazi German Army in the Red Army. Therefore, when the fire breaks through, we must strictly abide by the timetable stipulated in advance, otherwise it will lead to heavy accidental injury.

　　The artillery guidance of the American army, which is widely equipped with radios, can provide flexible and mobile real-time support for the frontline infantry in a wide battlefield space. Even private soldiers hiding in foxholes can intercept by radio calling the artillery at the rear.

　　Although the artillery of the Soviet Red Army projects more firepower per unit time than that of the United States, the Germans are more afraid of American artillery, because the Americans can concentrate most of the firepower on them, with little waste.

　　After the war, the Soviet artillery summarized the application of artillery in the Great Patriotic War, and also analyzed the artillery tactics and techniques of the German and allied forces in detail. These reports were written into the teaching materials of Soviet command colleges at all levels. When the new generation of Red Army commanders learned about the capabilities of foreign artillery, they also placed high hopes on their own artillery, hoping that they could accurately pour ammunition fired from different positions onto the same target at the same time.

　　However, the fire control system of Soviet barrel artillery could not meet this requirement at that time, so the Soviet army focused its hopes on rockets that could cover the accuracy with high-density ammunition. At the end of 1970s, with the Soviet army’s operational guiding ideology changing from attacking under the condition of large-scale nuclear assault to conventional assault, a new generation of large-caliber rocket launcher system focusing on accuracy began to be developed and put into service, first of all, the BM-28 hurricane (Uragan) 220mm 16-barrel rocket launcher (design bureau code 9K57). The range of hurricane system is twice as long as that of BM-21 hail (Qrad) system, but it still uses uncontrolled rockets, which is quite scattered. Later, the world’s most advanced Smerch)300 mm 12-barrel rocket launcher system appeared.

　　System composition

　　The design model of the tornado rocket launcher is 9A52, and the design bureau of the whole system is 9K58, which was developed by the Splav State Research and Production Association in Tula, Russia, which is also the developer of BM-21 and BM-28 rocket launcher systems.

　　The 9K58 system was designed and finalized in 1983, and entered the service in 1987. At first, it was 14 tubes. When it was first publicly exhibited at the Asian Defense Exhibition held in Kuala Lumpur in February 1990, it became the current 12-tube style.

　　Known as M1983 by NATO, this gun is the largest caliber rocket launcher in the Soviet Union (including Russia). It is mainly equipped with the Soviet Army’s long-range rocket artillery brigade. Each brigade has three battalions and three companies under each battalion, and each company is equipped with three 9A32 launch vehicles and one 9T234-2 loading-transport vehicle. There are 27 launch vehicles in the whole brigade.

　　The Tornado Rocket Brigade is mainly responsible for the fire support in the military combat area, suppressing and annihilating the effective forces and destroying armored targets and artillery companies. At the same time, it can also be strengthened to the main offensive axis divisions to improve the assault fire density and attack the front airports, military division command posts and warehouses of the frontal enemy group army.

　　In 1989, the more modern 9K58-2 system (known as Tornado -M in foreign arms sales) entered the front line and gradually replaced the old model, shouldering the burden of fire assault on enemy armored units, command centers and aircraft-dropped troops boarding sites within 20-70 kilometers of their own frontiers (the Soviet Union has always been very afraid of the US military’s helicopter leapfrog tactics, and emphasized the timely search and rescue of its troops and assembly sites in the tactical decrees of various arms) and air defense positions.

　　The 9K58-2 system was changed to a regiment-battalion system, and the whole regiment was assigned to 12 9A32-2 launch vehicles, 3 9T234-2 loading vehicles and 1 command vehicle. The cockpit of 9T234-2 loader is divided into two parts, which are located on both sides of the engine compartment, with the radiator of water tank in the middle. There are 12 rockets to be fired in the rear compartment of the cab, and a hydraulically driven loading crane is installed on the right side of the rear of the car body, with a rotating range of 50 degrees left and 90 degrees right, with a maximum lifting mass of 850 kg. When loading, the loading vehicle is docked with the rear of the launch vehicle, and the loading frame is hung at the rear of the directional launch tube of the launch vehicle for loading. Three operators can load 12 rockets into the launch vehicle within 20 minutes.

　　Soviet artillery has always attached great importance to the artillery command system. In order to give full play to the great potential of Tornado M system, the Alloy Design Bureau assigned a newly developed Vivari command and control vehicle to it by Kontur production joint venture, and equipped this system to all brigades with basic equipment.

　　The automatic shooting command system of the feeding cage attached to the tornado rocket launcher brigade (regiment) has been greatly improved on the basis of the previous old model, and has the ability to collect and analyze the target information, concentrate and plan the firepower of the whole brigade, and interact with various intelligence sources, which is basically similar to the Take Fire control and distribution system of the US Army M-270 system. The system is installed in 1K123 shooting command and control vehicle. The command vehicle adopts the chassis of Kamaz)-4310 off-road truck. In order to get rid of special power stations such as oil engines and transformer cars, a generator trailer is towed behind the command vehicle, which can generate electricity by itself, which is a great progress compared with the previous artillery command system. In order to ensure the commander’s comfort, the car is also equipped with air conditioning, filtering ventilation equipment and heating equipment, which can be used for continuous combat for 36 hours.

　　The command vehicle is equipped with two E-713 computers, comprehensive tactical situation display equipment, C3I terminal and secret communication encryption machine, which can distribute target trajectory data for each launch vehicle. Among them, the E-713 computer is the latest technology in Russia in the 1990s, and it is a special computer for curing programs, with high calculation speed and much smaller volume than the previous generation E-167 special ballistic computer.

　　Its combat software functions include: receiving, processing, storing, displaying and sending instructions; Report the position and preparation of combat troops upwards, convey attack instructions downwards, specify targets in the form of charts, and give suggestions on fire distribution; Formulate fire plans for concentrated attacks and attacks on enemy columns, and calculate coordinate azimuth; At the same time, the shooting data are calculated for six cyclone rockets, and meteorological reports are provided according to meteorological data. However, the RAM memory used to execute these programs is only 96K, and the ROM memory is 288K, which shows the profound mathematical skills of Russian software engineers.

　　In order to ensure strong command in frequent maneuvers, the command vehicle adopts two high-frequency radios and two very high-frequency radios, which can ensure reliable radio communication within a distance of 50 kilometers when moving and 350 kilometers when parking. The communication between the command vehicle and the launch vehicle is completed by R-173M VHF radio station, and the communication between the command workshop and the direction is carried out by P-171M10Y HF radio station, and the data exchange between lines is realized through radio relay stations and wired communication lines. If disturbed, the system can connect the standby communication channel within one second and switch to frequency hopping mode, which has strong confidentiality and anti-interference ability.

　　In addition, it is equipped with a satellite communication vehicle, which can communicate with superiors through communication satellites. In combat, the rocket launcher of the whole brigade (regiment) establishes a communication-data transmission network with the command vehicle as the central station, with 1-2 relay vehicles for forwarding and backup in the middle. The main command task is completed at the central station, but the relay vehicles can also intervene. When the central station is unable to command, the combat software automatically hands over the command to the relay vehicles.

　　This design actually makes the command structure of the tornado system into a flat mesh structure, rather than the tree-like vertical command mode of the Soviet Union. The command network can forward the information from C3I systems such as satellites and command centers in real time, or send the target data found by reconnaissance vehicles attached to grass-roots fire units to superiors for discrimination. Through this system, the superior commander can directly interact with a single launch vehicle, and different battalions can also transmit information to each other.

　　In fact, this arrangement has got rid of the tree-like command-communication-information exchange mode from top to bottom in the Soviet Red Army era, and is close to the US military’s Link data link network system. Therefore, it is unfounded for western countries to belittle the command mode of the Russian army blindly.

Recently, the podcast "A diversion from the East to the West" invited Chen Liwen, the founder of "Zero Abandoned Villages", to talk about how to promote garbage sorting in rural areas of China. Chen Liwen published a series of "Forty Years of Garbage Recycling" in The Paper. She studied the history of garbage sorting and recycling in China at Memorial University of Newfoundland and University of Southern California. After returning to China in 2017, she began to promote garbage sorting in rural areas. This article is authorized to sort out the contents of this podcast.

A diversion from the East to the West (Xu Tao): How did you get interested in garbage in the first place?

Chen Liwen:I grew up in the countryside of Hebei. At that time, the environment and natural conditions were very good. I could directly contact the land and wilderness in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and I unconsciously left a brand in my heart.

At the beginning of 2009, I began to do environmental protection. My charity Beijing Global Village organized an activity to visit a landfill in the south of Beijing. The sour and disgusting smell of the garbage dump suddenly hit my taste, and the garbage mountain dozens of meters high hit my eyes.

In the plain of North China, in order to bury garbage, we must first dig and do anti-seepage treatment. After that, it will be filled up continuously. Generally, one or two floors will be filled, and the first floor is nearly 10 meters high. We go to the same landfill several times a year. The first time I went there, it was not high, or it was still empty. After three months, I went there again and went up with a high degree of "rubbing".

I have a friend from the University of California, Berkeley, who was studying waste. I went to the waste recycling market with him, and then went to the waste trading market between the Fifth and Sixth Ring Roads in Beijing. Many people can clearly distinguish these recyclable items they bought and picked up-plastics are even divided into dozens of categories. Recyclable materials are sorted by them and sold, or transported to downstream factories as renewable raw materials for production. Without these industrial chains, recyclables cannot become renewable resources.

I found that waste recycling is not just an economic activity. Garbage is not only an object, but also related to people-whether it is a sanitation worker or a person who recycles waste. I grew up in the country and lived frugally. If we can live a moderate life, the problem of garbage can be solved from the perspective of people.

For me, an important reason for garbage sorting is that from 2009 to 2015, I did some research all over the country and contacted many people living around landfills and incineration plants.

Maybe a few people will think, where did the garbage go? Is there anyone around the garbage mountain? With the development of the city, landfills may be built in places where people live. For example, the Asuwei landfill in Beijing is located in the North Sixth Ring Road. When we investigated it, the villagers said that for more than 20 years, they dared not open the window in summer-because it stinks.

In April 2010, I went to investigate the families affected by garbage incineration in Hai ‘an County, Nantong, Jiangsu Province. There is a child with cerebral palsy, because his mother lived 200 meters away from the garbage incineration plant when she was pregnant. People don’t know that the waste gas from incineration plants may pose a threat to pregnant women. The child was born on May 12th, 2008, and it was later discovered that he had severe cerebral palsy. Later, his father found that some of the growth characteristics of children are the poisoning performance of harmful substances discharged from garbage incineration. For example, dioxin, a colorless and odorless primary carcinogen.

I was particularly impressed that one night, the child’s father asked us to have a look. His child had bitten his tongue because of severe cerebral palsy, which induced epilepsy. We have been to his house four times, and there is no smile on their faces.

In 2014, we went to the garbage incineration plant in Guodingshan, Wuhan. Some children suffered from respiratory diseases due to air pollution and had several operations. Some people who live around the garbage incineration plant can’t move away and have to live there. Their psychological stress and health are affected beyond our imagination. Ordinary people don’t know how to speak. The father of the child mentioned above is very courageous.

A diversion: will you solve the practical problems if you go to investigate?

Chen Liwen: We have spent a lot of energy on research, and tried to promote the relatively safe discharge of landfill sites or incineration plants by applying for information disclosure and talking with enterprises and local governments. But this is not the root of solving the garbage problem. The fundamental question of garbage is, what should we do after garbage is produced? We need a foothold to minimize the garbage problem and reduce dependence on landfill or incineration. At that time, everyone thought of the way-garbage classification.

In 2015, I went abroad to study, because the research brought me great pressure, and I felt helpless because my energy was exhausted. Reading is a process of knowledge storage. I remember studying a case about the marginalization of Indians in the use of resources. In fact, this is the same as the fact that the scavengers lose their right to speak in the process of urbanization. In fact, the root cause is the use of resources and land.

After returning to China in 2017, I thought, what should I do?

At that time, there were two directions, one was organic agriculture and the other was garbage. It happened that a former colleague had a project with the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation. He was doing poverty alleviation in a village and encountered a serious garbage problem. He asked me if I could see how to do garbage sorting. Because to do tourism development, there can be no garbage.

Before industrialization, there was no garbage in most rural areas of China. Things planted in the land are eaten, straws and the like can be fed to livestock, and livestock manure can be composted into nutrients for planting. This is an ecological circulation system. However, after the 1980s, the self-sufficient life in rural areas was broken. If there were foreign purchases, there would be packaging, which would lead to garbage problems. After 2000, there were more and more plastics in rural areas. At that time, there were two ways in the countryside, one was to burn them all; The second is to dump garbage in potholes, including ponds, like my hometown.

I remember that after the Wenchuan earthquake, we went to Songpan, Sichuan. I will never forget that scene. There was garbage collection in that village, so we followed the old man’s three-wheeled garbage truck to see where the garbage finally went. I had no idea that when the garbage bucket was turned over, all the garbage went directly into the river and continued to pollute the water system.

In 2017, the final destination of garbage in Nanxun Village, Hebei Province was a mountain 20 kilometers away. Chen liwen

In fact, rural areas are very suitable for garbage sorting, especially after dry and wet sorting, which can be recycled on the spot. There are two kinds of rural garbage, one is the product of growing from the land; The other is the chemical products produced by industry. It is easier to separate the first kind of garbage and return it to the field by composting or other means.

In addition, the final task of garbage sorting is people’s work, and it is necessary to get through every family. The city is a stranger society, but the countryside is an acquaintance society. So my prediction at that time was that it might be better to do garbage sorting in rural areas than in cities.

I remember when I first came to work in the first village, many people said, what kind of garbage sorting should be done in the countryside? The subtext is, the city hasn’t done it yet. What are you going to do in the countryside?

A diversion: How did you start garbage sorting in the first village?

Chen Liwen:The first village is Nanyu Village, Hebei Province, and we are a little bold. The first thing I did at that time was to buy a trash can, a garbage collection car, and a place to compost. Everything was implemented before it was promoted to the people. We raised a sum of money to do these things.

I arrived in the village at the beginning of July 2017, started working in the village on August 8, and officially started garbage sorting on September 4. We are encouraged by many things in the process.

Ordinary people don’t know what garbage sorting is about, but they don’t exclude outsiders from doing it. They feel that outsiders have come to help us solve the garbage problem. Every time an uncle sees us, he says, I can find you a job. I said, wait, we’ll send you two barrels later.

Later, we did the launching ceremony of garbage sorting in the village, and all the people came to help us put up explanatory stickers. On September 5th, we collected and transported garbage for the first time, and went door to door to do the work. At that time, the garbage taken out by every family was mixed, so we used clips to clip it out and teach them. Many people learned it three times, and there were basically no obstacles. I met only two families in that village who didn’t want to part. Because I feel troublesome, I just want to throw it out casually. In fact, it is unrealistic to ask everyone to meet the standards.

At the garbage sorting mobilization meeting in Nanyu Village, Hebei Province, the banner was old and printed with new words. Chen liwen

There is another thing that impressed me extremely. A woman came out to take out the garbage, but the garbage was mixed. We told her at that time, but we didn’t get a response. Later we learned that she couldn’t speak or hear. Coincidentally, although her daughter is not in the village, she is in the WeChat group of garbage classification. The daughter said that her father can read. We taught her father by writing and drawing, and the next day it was clear.

After working door to door for two weeks, we found that as long as all the hardware is prepared, the people can get a good share.

A diversion: at the beginning, everyone may be more enthusiastic. Can this matter persist?

Chen Liwen:We had no experience in the first village. After a few months, we went back and found that some families were not classified and the village committee did not manage them. So when we arrived in the second village, we realized that we couldn’t do the door-to-door explanation, and we should give it to the village Committee or someone in the village who can take care of it. Later, we went to places where the local government was willing to do garbage sorting.

In 2018, when we finished the second village, we realized that the management of garbage sorting could not be completed at the village level. Because the leading system of the village is the village Committee, it cannot form constraints, but there are government constraints at the township level. Later, Dongyang Township, Guangfeng District, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province contacted me, and I made a condition whether I could find a township. Finally, I found Dongyang Township.

Wang Shuji, Party Secretary of Dongyang Township, agrees with garbage classification. He asked me: Will garbage sorting be expensive? I said: A village will not exceed 100,000. He said, that’s acceptable.

In November 2018, I was still in my hometown. Wang Shuji asked a director of the township government to come to me with the enterprise and two village committees. After seeing the situation in my hometown, they said that your house is full of garbage, and everyone dares to do garbage sorting. We have been doing garbage collection and transportation in Dongyang Township for four or five years, and of course we have more courage to do it.

At the beginning of December 2018, I went to Dongyang Township. After I went there, I found out that Wang Shuji had taken people to visit several places in Zhejiang, and he himself studied environmental protection. He knows very well that the garbage is only collected and cleared away, but it does not solve the problem.

With the support of the township government and Guangfeng District, things are going very smoothly. The garbage sorting bucket was quickly arranged, and the sorting collection vehicle was also arranged. The composting plant was built in less than two weeks. At that time, we removed the big barrels from the street and replaced them with two small barrels for classification in each household.

There is one thing I didn’t know until later. The villagers said: the vats can’t be removed. What if everyone litters? Secretary Wang said: Since Miss Chen has experience, we should trust her.

The day after the barrel was withdrawn, a group of people discussed it in the street. A former village committee member said angrily, "Get the vat back quickly. How can we throw away the garbage?"? I said, didn’t I send you two buckets? He said: how can this be put down?

He doesn’t really know what those two small trash cans mean. Therefore, we didn’t make it clear to everyone before withdrawing the bucket.

Hearing the sound of the horn, the villagers came out to sort out the garbage. Chen liwen

Later, we observed in the village. Some people said that there might be dung in the diapers used by children, and the smell would attract dogs to dig the trash can, which is small and easy to be knocked down by dogs.

I thought these complaints were good because they were willing to participate. If we introduce them patiently, they will accept them slowly. Now, they feel that the garbage is cleaner after sorting.

In fact, the vats in rural areas are far apart. It takes a long way to throw garbage, and those who are troublesome will throw it casually. But if there is a set of barrels at your door, it will become easier. There is a great change in Dongyang Township. After putting the rotten garbage into the green bucket, many people think it can be used as fertilizer, so they take it back to the field to grow vegetables. In the past, garbage received from landfills had to be weighed and settled. One month after garbage sorting, the amount of garbage decreased by half in the same month of the previous year.

Some village committees only participated in garbage classification in the early stage, and when they understood garbage classification in the later stage, they worked with the people in their own way. In an acquaintance society, if village committees go door-to-door to mobilize, ordinary people will soon be able to keep up.

A diversion: where did the last vat go?

Chen Liwen:Barrels are put on garbage trucks to collect garbage. After nearly two years of garbage sorting in Dongyang Township, revenue and expenditure have reached a balance. Moreover, the money spent now is also less, including the treatment fee and transportation fee for transportation to the landfill. The most important thing is that village committees and ordinary people have been mobilized, and garbage sorting has improved the relationship between cadres and the masses.

At the beginning, some village committees told Secretary Wang: Is it ok not to do it? Wang Shuji said: If the whole town does it, you have to do it. After finishing, the village cadre felt that it was not as difficult as expected.

Another village Committee said: I don’t know the classification of garbage. How can I tell the people?

When he finished, he felt a sense of accomplishment. Because the people do not reject this matter, and they agree with it. Therefore, we need to train village committees slowly so that they can also explain the problem of garbage management.

The sorting collection vehicle in Nanyu village is a low-chassis tricycle transformed by uncle of the repair shop in the neighboring village. Chen liwen

We now have three strategic directions. First, we will continue to do garbage sorting practice and constantly gain practical experience and lessons. The second is to be an education center. We have established an education base for rural waste sorting in Dongyang Township, and many people have come to learn from it. Third, continue to reduce waste based on areas that have been classified.

A diversion: What is your biggest challenge now?

Chen Liwen:The biggest challenge is sustainable management. Take Dongyang Township as an example. If Secretary Wang is transferred, can garbage classification form a normal operation and management mechanism? We want to try to solve this problem through two channels. One is to help the township formulate an assessment mechanism; The second is to make the scale go up a step, such as covering Guangfeng District and Shangrao City. The larger the regional scale, the lower the risk of sustainability.

In fact, the economy is also very important. It takes about 300 yuan to treat a ton of garbage in rural areas, which is not the money for pollution control and building garbage incineration plants. All this money comes from public finance, that is, taxpayers’ money, but we always feel that it is someone else’s money. This creates an illusion that you can throw rubbish at will.

Garbage classification is not only a scientific problem, but also a social problem. How do we face our production and lifestyle? Most consumers choose products subconsciously. What we should consider is how to restrain the choice of consumption in public governance. For example, how to change disposable items into reusable materials?　

A diversion: can you recommend one or two books?

Chen Liwen:When I first entered the environmental protection industry, I watched Silent Spring, which was an important node that triggered the American environmental movement. I also recommend you to watch a documentary "Plastic Ocean". Plastic makes our life convenient, but it also causes serious environmental pollution, the essence of which is health. Now many chronic diseases are related to the use of plastics.

Poster for the documentary "Plastic Ocean"

I do environmental protection myself, and I have to do it myself. I have never ordered takeout, express delivery is inevitable, and I will try to avoid using disposable items. I believe in the strength of individuals, and I also think that the constraints of social governance are very important. The two complement each other.